Tet-mediated formation of 5-carboxylcytosine and its excision by TDG in mammalian DNA.

Tet-mediated formation of 5-carboxylcytosine and its excision by TDG in mammalian DNA.
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哺乳动物 DNA 中 Tet 介导的 5-羧基胞嘧啶的形成及其 TDG 的切除

DOI:
10.1126/science.1210944
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发表时间:
2011-09-02
期刊:
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Xu GL
Xu GL
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
He YF;Li BZ;Li Z;Liu P;Wang Y;Tang Q;Ding J;Jia Y;Chen Z;Li L;Sun Y;Li X;Dai Q;Song CX;Zhang K;He C;Xu GL

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提出了一种可能的动物DNA去甲基化途径的证据。在高等生物中普遍存在的DNA修饰是胞嘧啶甲基化为5-甲基胞嘧啶(5mC),再由TET(Ten Eleven易位)双加氧酶家族部分转化为5-羟甲基胞嘧啶(5HmC)。尽管它们在表观遗传调控中很重要,但目前还不清楚这些胞嘧啶修饰是如何逆转的。在这里,我们证明了DNA中的5mC和5hmC在体外和培养细胞中被Tet双加氧酶氧化成5-羧基胞嘧啶(5caC)。5caC被胸腺嘧啶-DNA糖基酶(TDG)特异性识别和切除。小鼠胚胎干细胞中TDG的耗尽导致5caC的积聚到容易检测到的水平。这些数据表明,Tet蛋白氧化5mC,然后TDG介导的5caC碱基切除构成了DNA活性去甲基化的一条途径。
Evidence for a possible route for DNA demethylation in animals is suggested. The prevalent DNA modification in higher organisms is the methylation of cytosine to 5-methylcytosine (5mC), which is partially converted to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) by the Tet (ten eleven translocation) family of dioxygenases. Despite their importance in epigenetic regulation, it is unclear how these cytosine modifications are reversed. Here, we demonstrate that 5mC and 5hmC in DNA are oxidized to 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) by Tet dioxygenases in vitro and in cultured cells. 5caC is specifically recognized and excised by thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG). Depletion of TDG in mouse embyronic stem cells leads to accumulation of 5caC to a readily detectable level. These data suggest that oxidation of 5mC by Tet proteins followed by TDG-mediated base excision of 5caC constitutes a pathway for active DNA demethylation.
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