Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axes: sex differences in regulation of stress responsivity.
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axes: sex differences in regulation of stress responsivity.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1080/10253890.2017.1369523
复制
发表时间：
2017-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Handa RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oyola MG;Handa RJ
性腺激素在下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴的建立、激活和调节中起关键作用。通过影响对释放因子、神经递质和激素的反应和敏感性，性腺类固醇有助于协调HPA轴的增益，以微调全身循环中的应激激素水平。从生命早期到成年期，性腺类固醇可以不同程度地影响HPA轴，导致该轴反应性的性别差异。HPA轴影响许多生理功能，使生物体对环境变化的反应适合其生殖状态。虽然对应激源的急性HPA反应是一种有益的反应，但慢性或创伤性应激事件持续激活该回路可能导致HPA轴失调并导致病理学。与雄性相比，雌性小鼠和大鼠表现出更强的HPA轴反应，这是由于循环雌二醇水平在非威胁性情况下以及在应激期间和之后升高应激激素水平。波动水平的性腺类固醇在整个发情周期的女性是一个主要因素，导致性别差异的稳健性HPA活动的女性相比，男性。此外，性腺类固醇激素也可能有助于HPA轴的表观遗传和组织的影响，甚至在青春期之前。相应地，下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴（HPG）和HPA轴之间的串扰可能导致应激反应异常。在人类中，应激反应失调是许多神经精神疾病中最常见的症状之一，因此，这种相互作用可能会加剧外周病变。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了HPA和HPG轴，并回顾性腺类固醇如何与HPA轴相互作用，以调节在生命的各个阶段的压力电路。
Gonadal hormones play a key role in the establishment, activation, and regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. By influencing the response and sensitivity to releasing factors, neurotransmitters, and hormones, gonadal steroids help orchestrate the gain of the HPA axis to fine-tune the levels of stress hormones in the general circulation. From early life to adulthood, gonadal steroids can differentially affect the HPA axis, resulting in sex differences in the responsivity of this axis. The HPA axis influences many physiological functions making an organism’s response to changes in the environment appropriate for its reproductive status. Although the acute HPA response to stressors is a beneficial response, constant activation of this circuitry by chronic or traumatic stressful episodes may lead to a dysregulation of the HPA axis and cause pathology. Compared to males, female mice and rats show a more robust HPA axis response, as a result of circulating estradiol levels which elevate stress hormone levels during non-threatening situations, and during and after stressors. Fluctuating levels of gonadal steroids in females across the estrous cycle are a major factor contributing to sex differences in the robustness of HPA activity in females compared to males. Moreover, gonadal steroids may also contribute to epigenetic and organizational influences on the HPA axis even before puberty. Correspondingly, crosstalk between the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) and HPA axes could lead to abnormalities of stress responses. In humans, a dysregulated stress response is one of the most common symptoms seen across many neuropsychiatric disorders, and as a result, such interactions may exacerbate peripheral pathologies. In this review, we discuss the HPA and HPG axes and review how gonadal steroids interact with the HPA axis to regulate the stress circuitry during all stages in life.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Boston, BA;Cone, RD
通讯作者：
Cone, RD
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Bingham, Brenda;Viau, Victor
通讯作者：
Viau, Victor
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Celotti, F;NegriCesi, P;Poletti, A
通讯作者：
Poletti, A
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Arnold, AP
通讯作者：
Arnold, AP
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Adachi, Sachika;Yamada, Shunji;Maeda, Kei-Ichiro
通讯作者：
Maeda, Kei-Ichiro