Rewriting the Genetic Code.

Rewriting the Genetic Code.
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重写遗传密码。

DOI:
10.1146/annurev-micro-090816-093247
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发表时间:
2017-09-08
影响因子:
10.5
通讯作者:
Söll D
Söll D
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mukai T;Lajoie MJ;Englert M;Söll D

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遗传密码是细胞用来将基因组翻译成蛋白质的语言,蛋白质执行许多细胞功能,在整个自然生命中是高度保守的。重写遗传密码可能会导致新的生物功能,例如用非经典氨基酸(ncAA)扩展蛋白质化学,以及从自然生物和病毒中分离合成生物。长期以来,人们一直有可能瞬时产生携带ncAA的蛋白质,但稳定扩展的遗传密码以实现体内持续功能需要一种综合方法:创建重新编码的基因组并引入新的翻译机制,这些机制一起发挥作用,而不会影响生存力或与内源性途径发生冲突。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了设计考虑和技术,扩大遗传密码。通过重写遗传密码获得的知识将加深我们对基因组如何设计以及规范遗传密码如何进化的理解。
The genetic code—the language used by cells to translate their genomes into proteins that perform many cellular functions—is highly conserved throughout natural life. Rewriting the genetic code could lead to new biological functions such as expanding protein chemistries with noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) and genetically isolating synthetic organisms from natural organisms and viruses. It has long been possible to transiently produce proteins bearing ncAAs, but stabilizing an expanded genetic code for sustained function in vivo requires an integrated approach: creating recoded genomes and introducing new translation machinery that function together without compromising viability or clashing with endogenous pathways. In this review, we discuss design considerations and technologies for expanding the genetic code. The knowledge obtained by rewriting the genetic code will deepen our understanding of how genomes are designed and how the canonical genetic code evolved.
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