The biology of linguistic expression impacts neural correlates for spatial language.
The biology of linguistic expression impacts neural correlates for spatial language.
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DOI：
10.1162/jocn_a_00339
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发表时间：
2013-04
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Grabowski TJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Emmorey K;McCullough S;Mehta S;Ponto LL;Grabowski TJ
手语和口语之间的生物学差异在空间信息的表达上可能最为明显。正电子发射断层扫描（PET）被用于研究支持美国手语中空间语言产生的神经基础，这种空间语言通过分类词结构来表达，其中手形表示物体类型，手的位置/运动形象地描绘所指物体的位置/运动。失聪的母语手语者执行一项图片描述任务，他们明确地说出物体名称或生成在位置、运动或物体类型上有所不同的分类词结构。与位置和运动的表达不同，词汇手语和物体类型分类词素的产生涉及左侧额下回和左侧颞下回，这支持了这样一种假设：与分类词结构的位置和运动成分不同，分类词手形是通过左半球语言区域检索的范畴词素。此外，词汇手语比分类词结构更多地涉及前颞叶，我们认为这反映了与仅仅表明物体类型相比，命名单个物体需要更多的语义处理。位置和运动分类词结构都涉及双侧顶上小叶，有一些证据表明静态位置的表达不同地涉及左侧顶内沟。我们认为双侧顶叶的激活反映了手语的生物学基础。为了表达空间信息，手语者必须将视觉 - 空间表征转换为以身体为中心的参考框架，并朝着手语空间内的目标位置做出动作。
Biological differences between signed and spoken languages may be most evident in the expression of spatial information. PET was used to investigate the neural substrates supporting the production of spatial language in American Sign Language as expressed by classifier constructions, in which handshape indicates object type and the location/motion of the hand iconically depicts the location/motion of a referent object. Deaf native signers performed a picture description task in which they overtly named objects or produced classifier constructions that varied in location, motion, or object type. In contrast to the expression of location and motion, the production of both lexical signs and object type classifier morphemes engaged left inferior frontal cortex and left inferior temporal cortex, supporting the hypothesis that unlike the location and motion components of a classifier construction, classifier handshapes are categorical morphemes that are retrieved via left hemisphere language regions. In addition, lexical signs engaged the anterior temporal lobes to a greater extent than classifier constructions, which we suggest reflects increased semantic processing required to name individual objects compared with simply indicating the type of object. Both location and motion classifier constructions engaged bilateral superior parietal cortex, with some evidence that the expression of static locations differentially engaged the left intraparietal sulcus. We argue that bilateral parietal activation reflects the biological underpinnings of sign language. To express spatial information, signers must transform visual–spatial representations into a body-centered reference frame and reach toward target locations within signing space.
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