HIV-1 Vpr deregulates calcium secretion in neural cells.

HIV-1 Vpr deregulates calcium secretion in neural cells.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.brainres.2009.03.024
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发表时间:
2009-06-12
期刊:
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Sawaya BE
Sawaya BE
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rom I;Deshmane SL;Mukerjee R;Khalili K;Amini S;Sawaya BE

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缺乏HIV-1对神经元的生产性感染表明,在患有认知障碍的艾滋病患者中观察到的神经元损伤是通过具有神经毒性活性的病毒和细胞蛋白间接引起的。在HIV-1蛋白中,Vpr已显示出在感染和未感染的细胞中解除各种重要细胞因子和炎性蛋白的表达。然而,这些变化背后的机制仍不清楚。在这里,我们证明,神经元可以采取Vpr被释放到HIV感染的小胶质细胞的上清液。我们还发现,重组Vpr(rVpr)的管理,以人类神经元细胞内钙[Ca 2 +] i的缓慢但持续的升高。有趣的是,我们的数据还表明,[Ca2 +] i升高Vpr导致ROS的产生和损害神经元细胞中的谷氨酸信号。Vpr通过下调内源性PMCA干扰钙稳态。最后,我们发现,在Vpr处理的神经元中,质膜的通透性增加。因此,我们得出结论,可溶性Vpr是一个主要的病毒因子,导致神经元通讯障碍,导致神经元功能障碍。这些研究的结果将促进对HIV-1发病机制的理解,并有助于开发新的治疗方法。
The lack of productive infection of neurons by HIV-1 suggests that the neuronal damage seen in AIDS patients with cognitive disorders is caused indirectly via viral and cellular proteins with neurotoxic activity. Among HIV-1 proteins, Vpr has been shown to deregulate expression of various important cytokines and inflammatory proteins in infected and uninfected cells. However, the mechanisms underlying these changes remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that neurons can take up Vpr that is released into the supernatant of HIV-infected microglia. We also found that administration of recombinant Vpr (rVpr) to human neurons resulted in a slow but sustained elevation of intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i. Interestingly, our data also show that [Ca2+]i elevation by Vpr leads to ROS production and impairs glutamate signaling in neuronal cells. Vpr disturbs calcium homeostasis through downregulation of endogenous PMCA. Finally, we found that the permeability of the plasma membrane increases in neurons treated with Vpr. Therefore, we conclude that soluble Vpr is a major viral factor that causes a disturbance in neuronal communication leading to neuronal dysfunction. The outcome of these studies will advance the understanding of HIV-1 pathogenesis and will help in the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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