Why are rhizobial symbiosis genes mobile?
Why are rhizobial symbiosis genes mobile?
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2020.0471
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发表时间：
2022-01-17
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Harrison E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wardell GE;Hynes MF;Young PJ;Harrison E
根瘤菌是最重要和研究最充分的细菌共生体之一。它们的定义是它们在植物宿主内建立固氮细胞内感染的能力。这种共生关系的一个令人惊讶的特征是，这种复杂性状所需的细菌基因并不固定在染色体内，而是在移动遗传元件（MGE）上编码，即质粒或整合和接合元件。有证据表明，许多这些元素在根瘤菌群体中积极动员，这表明定期的共生基因转移是根瘤菌共生体生态的一部分。乍一看，这是违反直觉的。共生性状高度复杂、多部分且与豆类宿主紧密共同进化，而基因转移可能成本高昂，并且会破坏染色体和共生基因之间的共适应。然而，水平基因转移是一个不仅由宿主细菌的利益驱动的过程，而且可能主要是由促进该转移的 MGE 的利益驱动。因此，了解水平基因转移在根瘤菌-豆科植物共生中的作用需要对这种重要共生的生态和进化有“移动遗传元件的视角”。本文是主题“微生物移动遗传元件的秘密生活”的一部分。
Rhizobia are one of the most important and best studied groups of bacterial symbionts. They are defined by their ability to establish nitrogen-fixing intracellular infections within plant hosts. One surprising feature of this symbiosis is that the bacterial genes required for this complex trait are not fixed within the chromosome, but are encoded on mobile genetic elements (MGEs), namely plasmids or integrative and conjugative elements. Evidence suggests that many of these elements are actively mobilizing within rhizobial populations, suggesting that regular symbiosis gene transfer is part of the ecology of rhizobial symbionts. At first glance, this is counterintuitive. The symbiosis trait is highly complex, multipartite and tightly coevolved with the legume hosts, while transfer of genes can be costly and disrupt coadaptation between the chromosome and the symbiosis genes. However, horizontal gene transfer is a process driven not only by the interests of the host bacterium, but also, and perhaps predominantly, by the interests of the MGEs that facilitate it. Thus understanding the role of horizontal gene transfer in the rhizobium–legume symbiosis requires a ‘mobile genetic element's-eye view' on the ecology and evolution of this important symbiosis. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The secret lives of microbial mobile genetic elements’.
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