Damage Signaling by Extracellular Nucleotides: A Role for Cyclic Nucleotides in Elevating Cytosolic Free Calcium?

Damage Signaling by Extracellular Nucleotides: A Role for Cyclic Nucleotides in Elevating Cytosolic Free Calcium?
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DOI:
10.3389/fpls.2021.788514
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Davies JM
Davies JM
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sun J;Ning Y;Wang L;Wilkins KA;Davies JM

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细胞外ATP (eATP)现在被认为是一种构成性损伤相关分子模式(DAMP),由损伤、草食或病原体攻击释放。必须严格调节eATP的浓度,否则消耗或过载都会导致细胞死亡。在拟南芥中,eATP是通过两种质膜豆科植物样凝集素丝氨酸-苏氨酸受体激酶(P2K1和P2K2)感应的,尽管假设有其他受体。对eATP的转录反应主要由创伤反应和防御反应基因主导。伤害和病原体攻击可能涉及环核苷酸环AMP (cAMP)和环GMP (cGMP),它们与eATP一样,可以增加细胞质中游离的Ca2+作为第二信使。通过eATP对DAMP信号传导的这一观点认为,eATP途径可能涉及环核苷酸的产生,以促进环核苷酸门控通道的打开,从而提高细胞质中游离Ca2+的水平。P2K1和P2K2的硅分析揭示了假定的腺苷酸和胍基激酶序列,这些序列是能够产生cAMP和cGMP的“兼职”受体的标志。此外,发现拟南芥功能丧失的cngc突变体在响应eATP时具有胞浆无Ca2+的受损增加。因此,eATP、环核苷酸和Ca2+信号之间的联系似乎是可信的。
Extracellular ATP (eATP) is now held to be a constitutive damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that is released by wounding, herbivory or pathogen attack. The concentration of eATP must be tightly regulated as either depletion or overload leads to cell death. In Arabidopsis thaliana, sensing of eATP is by two plasma membrane legume-like lectin serine–threonine receptor kinases (P2K1 and P2K2), although other receptors are postulated. The transcriptional response to eATP is dominated by wound- and defense-response genes. Wounding and pathogen attack can involve the cyclic nucleotides cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) which, in common with eATP, can increase cytosolic-free Ca2+ as a second messenger. This perspective on DAMP signaling by eATP considers the possibility that the eATP pathway involves production of cyclic nucleotides to promote opening of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels and so elevates cytosolic-free Ca2+. In silico analysis of P2K1 and P2K2 reveals putative adenylyl and guanylyl kinase sequences that are the hallmarks of “moonlighting” receptors capable of cAMP and cGMP production. Further, an Arabidopsis loss of function cngc mutant was found to have an impaired increase in cytosolic-free Ca2+ in response to eATP. A link between eATP, cyclic nucleotides, and Ca2+ signaling therefore appears credible.
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