Placental toxicology: tobacco smoke, abused drugs, multiple chemical interactions, and placental function.
Placental toxicology: tobacco smoke, abused drugs, multiple chemical interactions, and placental function.
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胎盘毒理学：烟草烟雾、滥用药物、多种化学相互作用和胎盘功能。
DOI：
--
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发表时间：
1991
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Sastry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Sastry
There are increasing numbers of reports on the tobacco smoking and ingestion of abused drugs (e.g. morphine, cocaine) by pregnant women and the effects of the substances on the developing fetus and newborn infant. The passage of drugs and chemicals from the mother to the fetus is influenced by the placental transport and metabolism of the substances. Further, these drugs and chemicals affect the nutrient transport systems in the placenta. The three major drugs of abuse-nicotine, morphine and cocaine-depress both active amino-acid uptake by human placental villi and transplacental amino-acid transport by reason of the drugs' influence on placental cholinergic and opiate systems. Part of this depression (10-16%) is not reversible. Nicotine blocks the cholinergic receptor and thus blocks acetylcholine (ACh)-facilitated amino-acid transport. Morphine stimulates opiate kappa receptors and depresses ACh release. Cocaine blocks Ca2+ influx and thus blocks ACh release. ACh causes dilation of blood vessels and maintains placental blood flow by the activation of endothelial muscarinic receptors. By interfering with ACh release and placental blood flow, the three drugs of abuse may depress the diffusion of amino acids and other nutrients from the trophoblast into the placental circulation. Three regulatory systems are delineated for amino-acid uptake by the placenta: placental ACh, phospholipid N-methyltransferase, and the gammaglutamyl cycle. These systems operate in concert with one another and are dependent on cellular formation of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). Placental hypoxia induced by carbon monoxide and other tobacco gases depresses the energy-dependent processes and thus the ATP levels of placental cells. Maternal tobacco smoking and drug abuse cause placental insufficiencies for amino-acid transport, which may partially explain the fetal intrauterine growth retardation caused by these substances. Part of the amino-acid deficits may be compensated for by the induction of new amino-acid transport systems. Specific receptors or drug-binding proteins for the three drugs of abuse are present in the placenta. A DNA adduct selective for maternal smoking has been demonstrated in the placenta. DNA adducts selective for cocaine, morphine and other environmental chemicals have yet to be demonstrated ins the placenta.
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影响因子：
56.9
作者：
EVERSON, RB;RANDERATH, E;RANDERATH, K
通讯作者：
RANDERATH, K
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Everson,RB
通讯作者：
Everson,RB
母亲吸烟和人胎盘氨基酸运输的改变：运输系统的诱导。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1988
期刊：
Progress in clinical and biological research
影响因子：
--
作者：
Horst,MA;Sastry,BV
通讯作者：
Sastry,BV
合体滋养层膜囊泡：检查人胎盘胆碱能系统的模型。
DOI：
10.1002/tera.1420240210
发表时间：
1981
期刊：
Teratology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Fant,ME;Harbison,RD
通讯作者：
Harbison,RD