Active regulatory elements recruit cohesin to establish cell-specific chromatin domains

Active regulatory elements recruit cohesin to establish cell-specific chromatin domains
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主动调控元件招募粘连蛋白以建立细胞特异性染色质结构域

DOI:
10.1101/2023.10.13.562171
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
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影响因子:
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通讯作者:
Georgiades E
Georgiades E
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作者:
Georgiades E

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随着基因组的3D结构以不断增加的分辨率进行分析,很明显,不同细胞类型的3D染色质结构存在相当大的变化。有人提出,这可能部分是由于增加的募集的粘附素激活顺式元件(增强子和启动子),导致细胞类型特异性的环挤出的基础上形成新的亚TADs。在这里,我们表明,粘附相关以及与活性增强子的存在,这与多态性增强子的存在或不存在,从一个人到另一个不同的等位基因特异性的方式而变化。使用α珠蛋白簇作为模型,我们表明,当所有的增强子被删除,从这些地区的凝聚素的峰消失,红细胞特异性sub-cohesin不再形成。主要α珠蛋白增强子(R2)的重新插入与募集的重新建立和增加的相互作用相关。在互补实验中,将R2增强子元件插入基因组的“中性”区域募集粘附素,诱导转录并产生新的大(75 kb)红细胞特异性结构域。总之,这些发现支持了活性增强子募集粘附素、刺激环挤出并促进细胞特异性亚TADs形成的提议。
As the 3D structure of the genome is analysed at ever increasing resolution it is clear that there is considerable variation in the 3D chromatin architecture across different cell types. It has been proposed that this may, in part, be due to increased recruitment of cohesin to activated cis-elements (enhancers and promoters) leading to cell-type specific loop extrusion underlying the formation of new sub-TADs. Here we show that cohesin correlates well with the presence of active enhancers and that this varies in an allele-specific manner with the presence or absence of polymorphic enhancers which vary from one individual to another. Using the alpha globin cluster as a model, we show that when all enhancers are removed, peaks of cohesin disappear from these regions and the erythroid specific sub-TAD is no longer formed. Re-insertion of the major alpha globin enhancer (R2) is associated with re-establishment of recruitment and increased interactions. In complementary experiments insertion of the R2 enhancer element into a “neutral” region of the genome recruits cohesin, induces transcription and creates a new large (75 kb) erythroid-specific domain. Together these findings support the proposal that active enhancers recruit cohesin, stimulate loop extrusion and promote the formation of cell specific sub-TADs.
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