Positive interaction of social comparison and personal responsibility for outcomes.
Positive interaction of social comparison and personal responsibility for outcomes.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00025
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Rustichini A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grygolec J;Coricelli G;Rustichini A
通过比较社会与私人、个人责任与机会，我们制定并测试了一个模型，该模型允许环境影响结果评估的两种不同方式之间的明显分离。在实验中，受试者在两种彩票中选择，一种是低风险的，另一种是高风险的。然后他们可以观察结果。通过改变私人环境（他们可以观察选择的彩票的结果和他们没有选择的彩票的结果）和社会环境（他们可以观察另一个受试者选择的彩票的结果），我们可以区分在社会和私人环境中反馈的反应和大脑活动。有证据表明，嫉妒和骄傲是驱动决策和结果评估的重要动机，比后悔和高兴等私人情绪更强烈，腹侧纹状体起着关键作用。当我们关注结果评估阶段时，我们证明腹侧纹状体中的BOLD信号在获得和反事实收益之间的差异中增加。对于给定的回报差异，纹状体反应在社会环境中比在私人环境中更为明显。此外，社会比较和个人责任之间的积极互动（互补）反映在腹侧纹状体的活动模式中。在决策阶段，我们观察到腹侧纹状体的琼斯效应，主观风险值在社会环境中大于在私人环境中。
We formulate and test a model that allows sharp separation between two different ways in which environment affects evaluation of outcomes, by comparing social vs. private and personal responsibility vs. chance. In the experiment, subjects chose between two lotteries, one low-risk and one high-risk. They could then observe the outcomes. By varying the environment between private (they could observe the outcome of the chosen lottery and the outcome of the lottery they had not chosen) and social (they could observe the outcome of the lottery chosen by another subject) we can differentiate the response and brain activity following the feedback in social and private settings. The evidence suggests that envy and pride are significant motives driving decisions and outcomes evaluation, stronger than private emotions like regret and rejoice, with ventral striatum playing a key role. When we focus on the outcome evaluation stage we demonstrate that BOLD signal in ventral striatum is increasing in the difference between obtained and counterfactual payoffs. For a given difference in payoffs, striatal responses are more pronounced in social than in private environment. Moreover, a positive interaction (complementarity) between social comparison and personal responsibility is reflected in the pattern of activity in the ventral striatum. At decision stage we observe getting ahead of the Joneses effect in ventral striatum with subjective value of risk larger in social than in private environment.
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