Interdependent utilities: how social ranking affects choice behavior.

Interdependent utilities: how social ranking affects choice behavior.
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相互依赖的效用:社会排名如何影响选择行为。

DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0003477
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发表时间:
2008
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Rustichini, Aldo
Rustichini, Aldo
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bault, Nadege;Coricelli, Giorgio;Rustichini, Aldo

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等级支配结构中的组织结构在动物社会中普遍存在,因此对社会地位较高的强烈偏好可能是人类社会和经济行为的重要动机。这种偏好也可能影响我们评估自己和他人结果的方式,最终影响我们选择的方式。在我们的实验中,参与者在不同风险级别的彩票中进行选择,并可以观察其他人做出的选择。结果表明,在私人领域和社会领域,收益和损失的相对权重是相反的。对于私人结果,经验和对损失的预期比收获更重要,而在社会领域,根据主观情绪评估和生理反应的指标,收益比损失更大。我们提出了一个理论模型(相互依赖效用),预测了这种效应对选择行为的影响。分配给社会收益的相对较大的权重强烈影响选择,导致互补行为:面对较弱的竞争对手,参与者采取更具风险性和支配性的行为。
Organization in hierarchical dominance structures is prevalent in animal societies, so a strong preference for higher positions in social ranking is likely to be an important motivation of human social and economic behavior. This preference is also likely to influence the way in which we evaluate our outcome and the outcome of others, and finally the way we choose. In our experiment participants choose among lotteries with different levels of risk, and can observe the choice that others have made. Results show that the relative weight of gains and losses is the opposite in the private and social domain. For private outcomes, experience and anticipation of losses loom larger than gains, whereas in the social domain, gains loom larger than losses, as indexed by subjective emotional evaluations and physiological responses. We propose a theoretical model (interdependent utilities), predicting the implication of this effect for choice behavior. The relatively larger weight assigned to social gains strongly affects choices, inducing complementary behavior: faced with a weaker competitor, participants adopt a more risky and dominant behavior.
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