Subsistence strategies and vegetation development at Aceramic Neolithic Körtik Tepe, southeastern Anatolia, Turkey

Subsistence strategies and vegetation development at Aceramic Neolithic Körtik Tepe, southeastern Anatolia, Turkey
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土耳其安纳托利亚东南部 Aceramic 新石器时代 Körtik Tepe 的生存策略和植被开发

DOI:
10.1007/s00334-017-0641-z
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
2.5
通讯作者:
Özkaya
Özkaya
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rössner;Deckers;Özkaya

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随着封建主义或永久居住区的出现,一种新的生活方式开始了。狩猎者和采集者几千年来确立的生存战略慢慢转向农业,从放牧和耕种开始,导致动物和植物的驯化。土耳其安纳托利亚东南部的Körtik Tepe新石器时代遗址,让我们得以洞察更新世末期和全新世早期狩猎者和采集者的永久居住地。该遗址的考古植物学调查,包括木炭研究,提供了关于肥沃新月北部农业起源的新信息。随着年轻仙女木的开始,橡树林地的开垦可能使广泛的一年生草本植物,特别是小种子草和河边分类群得以生长,从而为Körtik Tepe的居民提供主食。随着全新世早期的开始,橡树林地再次蔓延,取代了这些以草为主的开阔林地,科尔蒂克特普的人们似乎更喜欢大种子的草、坚果和豆类。在这两个时期,河岸类群和大量多样性的可食用植物都被用来生存。在全新世早期样品中不断增加的谷壳残骸和杂草表明,野生谷物和豆类祖先的种植规模很小。
With the advent of sedentism, or living in permanent settlements, a new way of life began. The hunter and gatherers’ well established subsistence strategy of thousands of years slowly moved towards farming, beginning with herding and cultivation and leading to the domestication of animals and plants. The Aceramic Neolithic site of Körtik Tepe in southeastern Anatolia, Turkey, provides insight into a permanent settlement of hunters and gatherers at the end of the Pleistocene and the beginning of the Early Holocene. Archaeobotanical investigations at the site including charcoal studies provide new information about the origins of agriculture in the northern Fertile Crescent. With the start of the Younger Dryas, there was an opening up of the oak woodland, which may have allowed widespread dense stands of annual, especially small-seeded grasses and riverine taxa to grow and thus provide staple foods for the inhabitants of Körtik Tepe. With the beginning of the Early Holocene, the oak woodland spread again and replaced these open grass-dominated stands, and the people of Körtik Tepe seem to have then favoured large-seeded grasses, nuts and legumes. Riverine taxa and a large diversity of edible plants were used for subsistence in both time periods. Increasing numbers of chaff remains and weeds in the Early Holocene samples suggest small-scale cultivation of the wild progenitors of cereals and pulses.
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