Cell dispersal by localized degradation of a chemoattractant

Cell dispersal by localized degradation of a chemoattractant
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通过化学引诱剂的局部降解实现细胞分散

DOI:
10.1073/pnas.2008126118
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Rappel, Wouter-Jan
Rappel, Wouter-Jan
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Karmakar, Richa;Tyree, Timothy;Gomer, Richard H.;Rappel, Wouter-Jan

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趋化性是化学梯度引导的细胞运动,在许多生物过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。在社会性变形虫盘基网柄菌中,趋化性对于饥饿期间细胞聚集体的形成至关重要。这些聚集体中的细胞每 6 分钟到 10 分钟产生一次化学引诱剂环腺苷 3',5'-单磷酸 (cAMP) 脉冲,导致周围细胞向聚集体移动。除了 cAMP 的周期性脉冲外,细胞还分泌磷酸二酯酶 (PDE),它会降解 cAMP 并防止趋化剂的积累。在这里,我们发现盘基网柄菌的小聚集体可以分散,细胞远离而不是朝向聚集体移动。这种令人惊讶的行为经常表现出朝向和远离聚集体的运动振荡循环。此外,细胞向外运动的开始与 cAMP 信号周期的加倍有关。计算模型表明,这种分散是由分泌的 cAMP 和 PDE 之间的竞争引起的,产生了远离聚集体的 cAMP 梯度,导致细胞向外运动。该模型能够预测 PDE 抑制以及外源 PDE 的全局添加的效果,并且这些预测随后在实验中得到验证。这些结果表明化学引诱剂的局部降解是形态发生的机制。
Chemotaxis, the guided motion of cells by chemical gradients, plays a crucial role in many biological processes. In the social amoebaDictyostelium discoideum, chemotaxis is critical for the formation of cell aggregates during starvation. The cells in these aggregates generate a pulse of the chemoattractant, cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate (cAMP), every 6 min to 10 min, resulting in surrounding cells moving toward the aggregate. In addition to periodic pulses of cAMP, the cells also secrete phosphodiesterase (PDE), which degrades cAMP and prevents the accumulation of the chemoattractant. Here we show that small aggregates ofDictyosteliumcan disperse, with cells moving away from instead of toward the aggregate. This surprising behavior often exhibited oscillatory cycles of motion toward and away from the aggregate. Furthermore, the onset of outward cell motion was associated with a doubling of the cAMP signaling period. Computational modeling suggests that this dispersal arises from a competition between secreted cAMP and PDE, creating a cAMP gradient that is directed away from the aggregate, resulting in outward cell motion. The model was able to predict the effect of PDE inhibition as well as global addition of exogenous PDE, and these predictions were subsequently verified in experiments. These results suggest that localized degradation of a chemoattractant is a mechanism for morphogenesis.
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