Climatic stress decreases tick survival but increases rate of host‐seeking behavior
Climatic stress decreases tick survival but increases rate of host‐seeking behavior
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气候压力会降低蜱的存活率，但会增加寻找寄主的行为
DOI：
10.1002/ecs2.4369
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Monzón, Javier D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nielebeck, Caleb;Kim, Sang Hyo;Pepe, Antonio;Himes, Lucian;Miller, Zachary;Zummo, Sophia;Tang, Mary;Monzón, Javier D.
蜱是许多疾病的媒介，并且在地理分布上正在扩大。然而，蜱虫将如何在新的环境中生存，在那里它们可能会在扩张前沿经历紧张的气候条件，目前尚不清楚。由于蜱虫在促进长寿的行为和促进繁殖的行为之间存在权衡，我们假设极端的气候压力降低了蜱虫的存活率，但增加了蜱虫寻找宿主行为或探索的频率。在这里，我们使用了一种新的方法来模拟气候压力的三个物种-Amblyomma americanum，Dermacentor variabilis，和硬蜱肩胛骨-以评估他们的生存，生理和探索行为。第一个实验涉及将每个物种的144只成年蜱置于两个温度范围（15-25°C和25-35°C）和三个相对湿度（RH）处理（32%，58%和84% RH）中。我们每天评估蜱虫的生存和探索，我们通过比较每只蜱虫死亡时和完全水合时的质量来测量水分流失。在第一个实验中，在温暖和潮湿的条件下，蜱虫通常比在凉爽和潮湿的条件下死得更快。所有三种蜱虫在死亡前不久都更有可能寻找，并且在失去大约50%-56%的身体总含水量后一直死亡，但Ixodes比其他两种蜱虫更快地达到这个阈值。第二个实验涉及将每个物种的18只蜱置于35°C和32%RH下。我们每3小时评估一次蜱虫的存活率、探索和失水情况。蜱虫在死前不久更有可能去寻找。通过频繁的检查，我们能够更准确地测量脱水耐受性和失水率。所有这三个物种的蜱虫在失去约51%的身体总含水量后一致死亡。然而，Ixodes失水速度比Amblyomma快约5倍，比Dermacentor快11倍。这些结果表明，严重的气候压力使权衡倾向于更高的探索率，但由于生存率降低，整体探索时间不会更长。
Ticks are vectors of many diseases and are expanding in geographic distribution. However, how ticks will fare in their new environments, where they may experience stressful climatic conditions at the expansion front, remains unclear. Since there is a trade‐off in ticks between behaviors that promote longevity and behaviors that promote reproduction, we hypothesized that extreme climatic stress reduces the survivorship of ticks but increases the frequency of tick host‐seeking behavior, or questing. Here, we used a novel method to simulate climatic stress on individual ticks of three species—Amblyomma americanum,Dermacentor variabilis, andIxodes scapularis—to evaluate their survival, physiology, and questing behavior. The first experiment involved placing 144 adult ticks of each species in two temperature ranges (15–25°C and 25–35°C) and three relative humidity (RH) treatments (32%, 58%, and 84% RH). We assessed the ticks daily for survivorship and questing, and we measured water loss by comparing the mass of each tick when it died to when it was fully hydrated. In this first experiment, ticks in warmer and less humid conditions generally died faster than those in cooler and more humid conditions. Ticks of all three species were more likely to quest shortly before their death and consistently died after losing approximately 50%–56% of their total body water content, butIxodesreached that threshold much faster than the other two species. The second experiment involved placing 18 ticks of each species at 35°C and 32% RH. We assessed the ticks every 3 h for survivorship, questing, and water loss. Ticks again were more likely to quest shortly before their death. With frequent checks, we were able to measure the dehydration tolerance more accurately and the rate of water loss. Ticks of all three species consistently died after losing approximately 51% of their total body water content. However,Ixodeslost water approximately 5 times faster thanAmblyommaand 11 times faster thanDermacentor. These results demonstrate that severe climatic stress tilts the trade‐off toward higher questing rates but not higher overall questing time because of reduced survival rates.
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
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P. Pugh;M. R. Fordy
通讯作者：
M. R. Fordy
DOI：
10.1016/j.jaci.2011.02.019
发表时间：
2011-05
期刊：
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Commins SP;James HR;Kelly LA;Pochan SL;Workman LJ;Perzanowski MS;Kocan KM;Fahy JV;Nganga LW;Ronmark E;Cooper PJ;Platts-Mills TA
通讯作者：
Platts-Mills TA
DOI：
10.15585/mmwr.mm6717e1
发表时间：
2018-05-04
期刊：
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
影响因子：
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作者：
Rosenberg R;Lindsey NP;Fischer M;Gregory CJ;Hinckley AF;Mead PS;Paz-Bailey G;Waterman SH;Drexler NA;Kersh GJ;Hooks H;Partridge SK;Visser SN;Beard CB;Petersen LR
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Petersen LR
特定气象因素对肩胛硬蜱和美洲钝蜱（螨：蜱科）昼夜活动的影响
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
T. Schulze;R. Jordan;R. Hung
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