The effects of aging on researchers' publication and citation patterns.
The effects of aging on researchers' publication and citation patterns.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0004048
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Robitaille JP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gingras Y;Larivière V;Macaluso B;Robitaille JP
美国研究人员首次获得NIH资助的平均年龄从1970年的34.3岁上升到2004年的41.7岁。这些数据提出了一个关键问题，即老龄化对科学生产力和研究人员影响的影响。在魁北克6,388名大学教授的样本中，他们在2000年至2007年期间至少发表了一篇论文，我们的研究结果确定了教授职业生涯的两个转折点。第一个转折点出现在40岁，研究人员开始依赖旧文献，他们的工作效率在职业生涯开始后急剧提高，但增长速度较慢。第二个转折点出现在50岁左右，此时研究人员的工作效率最高，而他们的平均科学影响力最低。我们的研究结果还表明，年龄较大的教授发表的第一作者论文较少，并且更接近合著者名单的末尾。虽然每篇论文的平均科学影响力在50岁之前呈线性下降，但高引用期刊和高引用论文的平均数量一直持续上升，直到退休。我们的研究结果清楚地表明，生产力和影响力不是一个简单的和年龄递减的函数，我们必须考虑到科学研究的合作方面。科学是一项集体奋进，正如我们的数据所显示的那样，各个年龄段的研究人员在其动态中发挥着重要作用。
The average age at which U.S. researchers receive their first grant from NIH has increased from 34.3 in 1970, to 41.7 in 2004. These data raise the crucial question of the effects of aging on the scientific productivity and impact of researchers. Drawing on a sizeable sample of 6,388 university professors in Quebec who have published at least one paper between 2000 and 2007, our results identify two turning points in the professors' careers. A first turning point is visible at age 40 years, where researchers start to rely on older literature and where their productivity increases at a slower pace—after having increased sharply since the beginning of their career. A second turning point can be seen around age 50, when researchers are the most productive whereas their average scientific impact is at its lowest. Our results also show that older professors publish fewer first-authored papers and move closer to the end of the list of co-authors. Although average scientific impact per paper decreases linearly until about age 50, the average number of papers in highly cited journals and among highly cited papers rises continuously until retirement. Our results show clearly that productivity and impact are not a simple and declining function of age and that we must take into account the collaborative aspects of scientific research. Science is a collective endeavor and, as our data shows, researchers of all ages play a significant role in its dynamic.
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DOI：
10.1086/347941
发表时间：
1946-01-01
期刊：
Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences
影响因子：
--
作者：
ADAMS, C W
通讯作者：
ADAMS, C W
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
COLE, S
通讯作者：
COLE, S
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
DENNIS, W
通讯作者：
DENNIS, W
DOI：
10.1177/053901847501400602
发表时间：
1975-01-01
影响因子：
1.1
作者：
BOURDIEU, P
通讯作者：
BOURDIEU, P
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Dietrich, Arne;Srinivasan, Narayanan
通讯作者：
Srinivasan, Narayanan