Evidence of Smoke From Wildland Fire in Surface Water of an Unburned Watershed
Evidence of Smoke From Wildland Fire in Surface Water of an Unburned Watershed
复制标题
未燃烧流域地表水中野火产生的烟雾的证据
DOI：
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
M. L. Reid
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Joshua Evans;A. Norman;M. L. Reid
大面积的野火会产生烟雾，影响大面积的空气质量。有限的研究表明，烟雾成分可能进入天然水体。在一项为期18年的水监测研究中，我们研究了来自遥远的荒地火灾的烟雾是否对未燃烧流域的山区河流中的离子含量产生了可检测的影响。重大的本地烟雾发生在六年的跟踪由MODIS卫星数据的火灾，区域和当地的大气细颗粒物（PM2.5），和钾（K+）的量PM2.5作为植被燃烧的标志。与低烟年份相比，高烟年份雨水中的K+和钙（Ca2+，也与荒地火灾烟雾有关）升高，并且是大气沉积的主要途径。同样，高烟年份的河水K+和Ca2+浓度升高，与低烟年份相比，K+与Ca2+的比例更高。河流浓度通常与河流排放无关，在高烟和低烟年份观察到的K+浓度可以通过大气沉积来解释。我们的研究提供了早期证据，表明野火对水质的影响远远超出了它们发生的流域。野火散发出大量含有营养物质、毒素和微生物的烟雾，在北美正在增加。钾是一种常规测量的水质参数，可以作为生物质烟雾输入的指标。需要进一步研究野火烟雾进入水中的模式和过程以及对生态系统和人类健康的影响。
Large wildland fires generate smoke that can compromise air quality over a wide area. Limited studies have suggested that smoke constituents may enter natural water bodies. In an 18‐year water monitoring study, we examined whether smoke from distant wildland fires had a detectable effect on ion content in a mountain river in an unburned watershed. Significant local smoke occurred in six years as traced by MODIS satellite data of fires, regional and local atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and the amount of potassium (K+) in PM2.5 as a marker of vegetation combustion. Rainwater had elevated K+ and calcium (Ca2+, also associated with wildland fire smoke) in high‐smoke years compared to low‐smoke years, and was the primary route of atmospheric deposition. Similarly, river water in high‐smoke years had elevated concentrations of K+ and Ca2+, with a higher ratio of K+ to Ca2+ compared to low‐smoke years. River concentrations were generally unrelated to river discharge and observed K+ concentrations in high‐smoke and low‐smoke years could be accounted for by atmospheric deposition. Our study provides early evidence that wildland fires affect water quality far beyond the watersheds where they occur. Wildland fires distribute vast quantities of smoke containing nutrients, toxins and microbes and are increasing in North America. Potassium is a routinely‐measured water quality parameter that can act as an indicator of biomass smoke inputs. Further work is needed on the patterns and processes by which wildfire smoke enters water as well as on the consequences for ecosystems and human health.
DOI：
10.1029/2018jd029878
发表时间：
2019-12
期刊：
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
影响因子：
--
作者：
I. Sokolik;A. Soja;P. DeMott;D. Winker
通讯作者：
I. Sokolik;A. Soja;P. DeMott;D. Winker