Measuring DNS-over-HTTPS performance around the world

Measuring DNS-over-HTTPS performance around the world
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测量全球 DNS-over-HTTPS 性能

DOI:
10.1145/3487552.3487849
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
The Internet Measurement Conference (IMC'21
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Wang, Gang
Wang, Gang
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chhabra, Rishabh;Murley, Paul;Kumar, Deepak;Bailey, Michael;Wang, Gang

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近年来,DNS-over- https (DoH)作为一种非加密DNS的隐私保护替代方案获得了极大的关注。虽然有几项研究测量了相对于传统DNS和其他加密DNS方案的DoH性能,但它们通常是不完整的,要么是从单个国家进行测量,要么无法将加密DNS与默认客户端行为进行比较。为了扩展现有的研究,我们使用BrightData代理网络收集了一个由224个国家和地区的22,052个独立客户组成的数据集。我们的数据显示,切换到DoH对性能的影响是混合的,在10个查询连接中,每个查询的平均减速为65ms,但是28%的客户端在相同的时间间隔内获得了加速。我们比较了四家公共DoH提供商,注意到Cloudflare在DoH分辨率时间(265ms)和全局存在点(146 ms)方面都表现出色。此外,我们分析了DoH和Do53分辨率时间之间的地理差异,并对可能的原因进行了分析,发现来自互联网基础设施投资低的国家的客户在切换到DoH时遇到减速的可能性几乎是互联网基础设施投资高的国家的两倍。我们总结了DoH生态系统可能的改进。我们希望我们的研究结果可以帮助为卫生部的继续部署提供信息。
In recent years, DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH) has gained significant traction as a privacy-preserving alternative to unencrypted DNS. While several studies have measured DoH performance relative to traditional DNS and other encrypted DNS schemes, they are often incomplete, either conducting measurements from single countries or are unable to compare encrypted DNS to default client behavior. To expand on existing research, we use the BrightData proxy network to gather a dataset consisting of 22,052 unique clients across 224 countries and territories. Our data shows that the performance impact of a switch to DoH is mixed, with a median slowdown of 65ms per query across a 10-query connection, but with 28% of clients receiving a speedup over that same interval. We compare four public DoH providers, noting that Cloudflare excels in both DoH resolution time (265ms) and global points-of-presence (146). Furthermore, we analyze geographic differences between DoH and Do53 resolution times, and provide analysis on possible causes, finding that clients from countries with low Internet infrastructure investment are almost twice as likely to experience a slowdown when switching to DoH as those with high Internet infrastructure investment. We conclude with possible improvements to the DoH ecosystem. We hope that our findings can help to inform continuing DoH deployments.
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