Hemodynamic differences in the activation of the prefrontal cortex: attention vs. higher cognitive processing
Hemodynamic differences in the activation of the prefrontal cortex: attention vs. higher cognitive processing
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前额皮质激活的血流动力学差异：注意力与高级认知处理
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.08.012
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Kokichi Yamamoto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Toichi;R. Findling;Y. Kubota;J. Calabrese;M. Wiznitzer;Nora McNamara;Kokichi Yamamoto
简单的注意力任务（例如字母删除）和大多数高级认知处理任务（例如单词生成）都被认为会激活背外侧前额叶皮层（PFC）。虽然注意力和高级认知处理在现象学上不同，注意力任务尽管简单，但需要很大的主观努力，但两种类型的认知处理之间PFC激活的可能生理差异尚未被研究。使用近红外光谱在10名日本和10名美国健康成年人的PFC的血流动力学变化，由于任务的注意力和较高的认知处理过程中激活。在包括语言和非语言任务在内的高级认知加工任务中，氧合血红蛋白（[HbO2]）浓度增加，脱氧血红蛋白（[HbR]）浓度降低，组织血红蛋白饱和度（THS）增加。在注意任务中，其中包括字母取消和连续执行测试，[HbO2]和[HbR]增加，而THS没有观察到显着变化。血流动力学变化的独特模式不受任务难度或语言因素的影响。[HbR]的变化可能是前额叶激活的一个生理标志，它可以区分注意力和高级认知过程。[HbR]的增加表明在注意力任务期间PFC的耗氧量增加，这可能与持续注意力相关的不成比例的巨大主观努力有关。根据认知的变化，血流动力学模式的生理变化需要在患有前额叶功能障碍的受试者（如精神分裂症和情绪障碍）中进行检查。
Both simple attention tasks (e.g. letter cancellation) and most tasks of higher cognitive processing (e.g. word generation) are known to activate the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC). While attention and higher cognitive processing differ phenomenologically, with attention tasks requiring great subjective effort despite their simplicity, possible physiological differences in the activation of the PFC between the two types of cognitive processing have remained uninvestigated. Hemodynamic changes in the PFC during activation due to tasks of attention and those of higher cognitive processing were examined using near-infrared spectroscopy in 10 Japanese and 10 American healthy adults. In tasks of higher cognitive processing, which included both verbal and non-verbal tasks, the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin ([HbO2]) increased, and that of deoxygenated hemoglobin ([HbR]) decreased, with an increase in the tissue hemoglobin saturation (THS). In tasks of attention, which consisted of the letter cancellation and continuous performance test, both [HbO2] and [HbR] increased, with no significant changes in the THS observed. The distinctive patterns of hemodynamic changes were not affected by the factors of task difficulty or language. The change in [HbR] may be a physiological marker of the prefrontal lobe activation that discriminates between attention and higher cognitive processing. The increase in [HbR] suggests increased oxygen consumption of the PFC during tasks of attention, which might be related to the disproportionately great subjective effort associated with sustained attention. The physiological alteration in hemodynamic patterns according to changes in cognition needs to be examined in subjects with prefrontal lobe dysfunction, such as schizophrenia and mood disorder.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.95.3.906
发表时间：
1998-02-03
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Gabrieli, JDE;Poldrack, RA;Desmond, JE
通讯作者：
Desmond, JE
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.83.4.1140
发表时间：
1986-02-01
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
FOX, PT;RAICHLE, ME
通讯作者：
RAICHLE, ME