Ethical Issues Posed by Field Research Using Highly Portable and Cloud-Enabled Neuroimaging.
Ethical Issues Posed by Field Research Using Highly Portable and Cloud-Enabled Neuroimaging.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.041
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发表时间：
2020-03-04
期刊：
影响因子：
16.2
通讯作者：
Garwood M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shen FX;Wolf SM;Gonzalez RG;Garwood M
高度便携的云神经成像技术将从根本上改变神经成像研究。而不是参与者前往扫描仪，扫描仪现在会来到他们身边。基于现场的脑成像研究，包括迄今为止在神经科学研究中代表性不足的人群，将扩大和多样化数据库，并为临床和直接面向消费者（DTC）的应用铺平道路。然而，这些技术的发展迫切需要分析其伦理，法律的和社会影响（ELSI）。移动的神经成像没有共识的伦理框架，传统的MRI研究的现有政策是不够的。基于对神经技术开发工作的文献综述和伦理分析，Shen等人确定了便携式神经成像带来的七个基本但尚未解决的ELSI问题：（1）知情同意;（2）隐私;（3）将神经成像结果准确传达给远程参与者的能力;（4）广泛依赖基于云的人工智能（AI）进行数据分析;（5）将神经成像结果准确传达给远程参与者。（5）解释算法在不同人群中的潜在偏见;（6）将研究结果和偶然（或次要）发现返回给研究参与者;以及（7）响应参与者访问其数据的请求。本文提出了解决这些紧迫问题的前进道路。
Highly portable, cloud-enabled neuroimaging technologies will fundamentally change neuroimaging research. Instead of participants traveling to the scanner, the scanner will now come to them. Field-based brain imaging research, including populations underrepresented in neuroscience research to date, will enlarge and diversify databases and pave the way for clinical and direct-to-consumer (DTC) applications. Yet these technological developments urgently require analysis of their ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI). No consensus ethical frameworks for mobile neuroimaging exist, and existing policies for traditional MRI research are inadequate. Based on literature review and ethics analysis of neurotechnology development efforts, Shen et al. identify seven foundational, yet unresolved, ELSI issues posed by portable neuroimaging: (1) informed consent; (2) privacy; (3) capacity to accurately communicate neuroimaging results to remote participants; (4) extensive reliance on cloud-based artificial intelligence (AI) for data analysis; (5) potential bias of interpretive algorithms in diverse populations; (6) return of research results and incidental (or secondary) findings to research participants; and (7) responding to participant requests for access to their data. The article proposes a path forward to address these urgent issues.
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