Ether Phospholipids and Glycosylinositolphospholipids Are Not Required for Amastigote Virulence or for Inhibition of Macrophage Activation by Leishmania major*

Ether Phospholipids and Glycosylinositolphospholipids Are Not Required for Amastigote Virulence or for Inhibition of Macrophage Activation by Leishmania major*
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无鞭毛体毒力或抑制硕大利什曼原虫巨噬细胞激活不需要醚磷脂和糖基肌醇磷脂*

DOI:
10.1074/jbc.m308063200
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发表时间:
2003
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
S. Beverley
S. Beverley
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
R. Zufferey;S. Allen;T. Barron;D. R. Sullivan;P. Denny;I. C. Almeida;Deborah F. Smith;S. Turco;M. Ferguson;S. Beverley

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醚磷脂是人类和利什曼原虫细胞膜的主要成分。在原生动物寄生虫中,它们单独或作为与毒力有关的分子的糖基磷脂酰肌醇(GPI)锚定的一部分发生,如脂磷酸聚糖(LPG)、较小的糖基磷脂(GIPLs)和GPI锚定的蛋白质。我们产生了利什曼原虫主要烷基二羟基丙酮磷酸合成酶(ADS)的零突变体,这是醚脂合成的第一步。酶分析和综合质谱分析表明,ads1-敲除缺乏所有醚磷脂,包括磷脂原、LPG和GIPLs。利什曼原虫ads1-因此代表了第一个可以获得完全零突变体的醚脂合成真核生物。值得注意的是,ads1-生长良好并维持脂筏(耐洗涤剂膜)。在毒力测试中,它与缺乏lpg的L. major非常相似,包括对补体的敏感性和无法在巨噬细胞感染的初始阶段存活。同样,它保留了抑制宿主细胞信号传导的能力,并从少数在建立缺陷中幸存下来的寄生虫中形成感染性无尾线虫。这些发现反驳了目前的观点,即gipi是哺乳动物宿主中无尾线虫存活所必需的,或者寄生虫lyso-alkyl或alkylacyl-GPI锚点仅负责抑制巨噬细胞的激活。
Ether phospholipids are major components of the membranes of humans and Leishmania. In protozoan parasites they occur separately or as part of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor of molecules implicated in virulence, such as lipophosphoglycan (LPG), smaller glycosylinositolphospholipids (GIPLs), and GPI-anchored proteins. We generated null mutants of the Leishmania major alkyldihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase (ADS), the first committed step of ether lipid synthesis. Enzymatic analysis and comprehensive mass spectrometric analysis showed that ads1- knock-outs lacked all ether phospholipids, including plasmalogens, LPG, and GIPLs. Leishmania ads1- thus represents the first ether lipid-synthesizing eukaryote for which a completely null mutant could be obtained. Remarkably ads1- grew well and maintained lipid rafts (detergent-resistant membranes). In virulence tests it closely resembled LPG-deficient L. major, including sensitivity to complement and an inability to survive the initial phase of macrophage infection. Likewise it retained the ability to inhibit host cell signaling and to form infectious amastigotes from the few parasites surviving the establishment defect. These findings counter current proposals that GIPLs are required for amastigote survival in the mammalian host or that parasite lyso-alkyl or alkylacyl-GPI anchors are solely responsible for inhibition of macrophage activation.
DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(82)90118-x
发表时间: 1982-01-01
影响因子: 2.9
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发表时间: 2002-02-12
期刊: BIOCHEMISTRY
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发表时间: 1994
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DOI: 10.1006/expr.1996.4139
发表时间: 1997
期刊: Experimental parasitology.
影响因子: --
作者:
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DOI: --
发表时间: 1991
期刊: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
影响因子: --
作者:
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通讯作者: Olafson,RW