Environmental and Economic Implications of Distributed Additive Manufacturing: The Case of Injection Mold Tooling
Environmental and Economic Implications of Distributed Additive Manufacturing: The Case of Injection Mold Tooling
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分布式增材制造的环境和经济影响：注塑模具案例
DOI：
10.1111/jiec.12641
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
E. Masanet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Runze Huang;Matthew E. Riddle;D. Graziano;Sujit Das;Sachin U. Nimbalkar;J. Cresko;E. Masanet
与传统制造（CM）相比，增材制造（AM）在实现卓越的工程功能、简化供应链和减少生命周期影响方面具有巨大潜力。本研究估计了在注塑成型的情况下，与增材制造技术相关的供应链交货时间、生命周期一次能源消耗、温室气体（GHG）排放和生命周期成本（LCC）的净变化，以阐明在美国从国际或陆上增材制造向增材制造转变的环境和经济优势。开发了一个系统建模框架，集成了前置时间分析、生命周期库存分析、LCC模型以及考虑设计差异、供应链选择、生产、维护和增材制造技术发展的场景。根据未来增材制造技术的进步，增材制造可以减少3%至5%的一次能源，4%至7%的温室气体排放，12%至60%的交货时间，以及超过100万次注塑生产周期的15%至35%的成本。经济优势表明增材制造技术在提高当地生产商的全球制造竞争力方面发挥了重要作用，而相对较小的环境效益则强调了在模具行业采用增材制造时考虑环境和经济绩效之间的权衡和平衡技术的必要性。研究结果还有助于确定增材制造领域的技术创新，这些创新可能在未来带来更广泛的好处。
Additive manufacturing (AM) holds great potentials in enabling superior engineering functionality, streamlining supply chains, and reducing life cycle impacts compared to conventional manufacturing (CM). This study estimates the net changes in supply‐chain lead time, life cycle primary energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and life cycle costs (LCC) associated with AM technologies for the case of injection molding, to shed light on the environmental and economic advantages of a shift from international or onshore CM to AM in the United States. A systems modeling framework is developed, with integrations of lead‐time analysis, life cycle inventory analysis, LCC model, and scenarios considering design differences, supply‐chain options, productions, maintenance, and AM technological developments. AM yields a reduction potential of 3% to 5% primary energy, 4% to 7% GHG emissions, 12% to 60% lead time, and 15% to 35% cost over 1 million cycles of the injection molding production depending on the AM technology advancement in future. The economic advantages indicate the significant role of AM technology in raising global manufacturing competitiveness of local producers, while the relatively small environmental benefits highlight the necessity of considering trade‐offs and balance techniques between environmental and economic performances when AM is adopted in the tooling industry. The results also help pinpoint the technological innovations in AM that could lead to broader benefits in future.
影响因子：
13.2
作者：
Allwood, Julian M.;Ashby, Michael F.;Worrell, Ernst
通讯作者：
Worrell, Ernst