Whole-genome sequence analysis shows that two endemic species of North American wolf are admixtures of the coyote and gray wolf.
Whole-genome sequence analysis shows that two endemic species of North American wolf are admixtures of the coyote and gray wolf.
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DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.1501714
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发表时间：
2016-07
期刊：
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Wayne RK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
vonHoldt BM;Cahill JA;Fan Z;Gronau I;Robinson J;Pollinger JP;Shapiro B;Wall J;Wayne RK
两种北美特有狼的基因组混合。濒危物种法案（ESA）被认为是美国有史以来通过的最强有力的物种保护立法，但缺乏对杂交物种的具体规定，因此保护由混合基因组组成的种群是一项挑战。东部狼是一种新发现的类似狼的物种，它是高度混合的，生活在五大湖和美国东部，这一地区以前被认为只属于灰狼的地理范围。美国鱼类和野生动物管理局认为，东部狼而不是灰狼在这一地区的存在，是在其地理范围内取消对灰狼的ESA保护（摘牌）的理由。相比之下，来自美国东南部的红狼是首批受ESA保护的物种之一，尽管与土狼混在一起，但仍受到保护。我们使用全基因组序列数据来证明东部狼和红狼缺乏独特的祖先，如果它们代表长期不同的北美血统，这是不可能的。这些结果表明，将灰狼除名的论点是站不住脚的。我们的研究结果表明，在ESA下严格指定一个物种，而不考虑混合，会威胁到濒危物种的保护。我们主张采用一种更加平衡的方法，关注混合的生态背景，并允许进化过程潜在地恢复遗传变异的历史模式。
Genome admixture in two endemic North American wolf species. Protection of populations comprising admixed genomes is a challenge under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), which is regarded as the most powerful species protection legislation ever passed in the United States but lacks specific provisions for hybrids. The eastern wolf is a newly recognized wolf-like species that is highly admixed and inhabits the Great Lakes and eastern United States, a region previously thought to be included in the geographic range of only the gray wolf. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has argued that the presence of the eastern wolf, rather than the gray wolf, in this area is grounds for removing ESA protection (delisting) from the gray wolf across its geographic range. In contrast, the red wolf from the southeastern United States was one of the first species protected under the ESA and was protected despite admixture with coyotes. We use whole-genome sequence data to demonstrate a lack of unique ancestry in eastern and red wolves that would not be expected if they represented long divergent North American lineages. These results suggest that arguments for delisting the gray wolf are not valid. Our findings demonstrate how a strict designation of a species under the ESA that does not consider admixture can threaten the protection of endangered entities. We argue for a more balanced approach that focuses on the ecological context of admixture and allows for evolutionary processes to potentially restore historical patterns of genetic variation.
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影响因子：
3
作者：
Korneliussen TS;Albrechtsen A;Nielsen R
通讯作者：
Nielsen R
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0911802107
发表时间：
2010-02-23
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Fitzpatrick, Benjamin M.;Johnson, Jarrett R.;Shaffer, H. Bradley
通讯作者：
Shaffer, H. Bradley
影响因子：
30.7
作者：
Becker, Matthias;Gruenheit, Nicole;Lockhart, Peter J.
通讯作者：
Lockhart, Peter J.
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Kyle, C. J.;Johnson, A. R.;White, B. N.
通讯作者：
White, B. N.
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Koblmuller, Stephan;Nord, Maria;Leonard, Jennifer A.
通讯作者：
Leonard, Jennifer A.