Vulnerability of the worldwide air transportation network to global catastrophes such as COVID-19.
Vulnerability of the worldwide air transportation network to global catastrophes such as COVID-19.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tre.2021.102469
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发表时间：
2021-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sheu JB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhou Y;Kundu T;Qin W;Goh M;Sheu JB
本文研究了新冠肺炎等全球性大灾难下全球航空运输网络的脆弱性。考虑到WATN是一个加权网络，在这种极端事件期间，许多机场连接可能会完全或部分中断。然而，研究发现，现有的加权度量不能反映连接容量减少对网络连通性的影响。其中，该工作提出了一种新的网络效率度量，称为分层加权网络效率(LWNE)度量，用于度量空中交通网络(ATN)的连通性，并研究其在机场级别、国家级别和全球级别的不同中断级别下的脆弱性。确定了最关键的机场连接及其对网络连接的影响。研究发现，关键的连接大多是在所谓的桥梁机场之间，而不是WATN的核心机场之间。通过考察部分链路中断的影响，发现一些连接主要服务于本地出行需求，对部分中断具有很强的鲁棒性，而其他连接全球枢纽的连接对部分中断非常敏感。此外，WATN对大多数国家的单独连接是强大的；然而，它很容易受到为国际转账提供服务的国家同时断开连接的影响。有趣的是，WATN对任何两个国家之间的脱节并不敏感，即使是那些拥有相当大国内ATN的国家。在全球断网方面，只要所有国际航线保持原有航班的10%，WATN仍然可以预期其中断前40%的性能。本文加深了对极端事件下交通网络脆弱性的理解，为研究交通网络在全球突发事件下的脆弱性提供了一种方法。
This paper studies the vulnerability of the worldwide air transportation network (WATN) during a global catastrophe such as COVID-19. Considering the WATN as a weighted network, many airport connections could be completely or partially disrupted during such extreme events. However, it is found that existing weighted metrics cannot reflect the impact of connection capacity reduction on network connectivity. Therein, this work proposes a novel network efficiency metric termed as layered weighted network efficiency (LWNE) metric to measure the connectivity of the air transportation networks (ATNs) and study their vulnerability in response to different levels of disruptions, including airport level, country level, and global level. The most critical airport connections and their impact on network connectivity are identified. It is found that the critical connections are mostly between so-called bridge airports but not core airports in the WATN. By examining the impact of partial link disruptions, it is found that some connections mainly serve local travel demand and are very robust to partial disruptions, while the others connecting global hubs are sensitive to partial disruptions. Further, the WATN is robust to the individual disconnection of most countries; however, it is vulnerable to the simultaneous disconnection of countries that serve international transfers. Interestingly, the WATN is insensitive to the disconnection between any two countries, even those with sizeable domestic ATNs. Concerning global disconnections, as long as all the international connections hold 10% of their original flights, the WATN can still expect 40% of its pre-disruption performance. This paper deepens the understanding of ATNs under extreme events and provides a method for studying transportation networks’ vulnerability facing global disruptions.
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