Microcephaly Modeling of Kinetochore Mutation Reveals a Brain-Specific Phenotype.

Microcephaly Modeling of Kinetochore Mutation Reveals a Brain-Specific Phenotype.
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动力学突变的小头畸形模型揭示了脑特异性表型。

DOI:
10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.032
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发表时间:
2018-10-09
期刊:
影响因子:
8.8
通讯作者:
Jaenisch R
Jaenisch R
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Omer Javed A;Li Y;Muffat J;Su KC;Cohen MA;Lungjangwa T;Aubourg P;Cheeseman IM;Jaenisch R

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在小头畸形患者中,大多数基因突变都是普遍表达的,然而在大多数患者中,大脑是唯一受损的主要器官。为什么这种表型仍然是大脑特异性的,人们知之甚少。在这项研究中,我们利用人胚胎干细胞的体外分化来监测在小头畸形患者中发现的着丝点无蛋白1 (KNL1;CASC5)点突变在体外脑发育过程中的影响。我们发现,携带患者突变的神经祖细胞表现出KNL1水平降低、非整倍性和纺锤体组装检查点缺失。相比之下,在成纤维细胞和神经嵴细胞中没有观察到KNL1水平的降低或异常。我们确定KNL1患者突变产生一个外显子剪接沉默位点,主要影响神经祖细胞,因为它们的剪接蛋白水平较高。我们的研究结果提供了对大脑特异性现象的见解,与小头畸形是携带KNL1突变的患者的唯一主要表型一致。Javed等人利用三维神经球体研究了导致小头畸形的KNL1突变。他们的研究表明,尽管普遍存在KNL1突变表达,但由于剪接蛋白水平的差异,KNL1 mRNA加工仅在神经前体中受到影响,这为解释为什么这种表型在患者中仍然具有脑特异性提供了见解。
Most genes mutated in microcephaly patients are expressed ubiquitously, and yet the brain is the only major organ compromised in most patients. Why the phenotype remains brain specific is poorly understood. In this study, we used in vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to monitor the effect of a point mutation in kinetochore null protein 1 (KNL1;CASC5), identified in microcephaly patients, during in vitro brain development. We found that neural progenitors bearing a patient mutation showed reduced KNL1 levels, aneuploidy, and an abrogated spindle assembly checkpoint. By contrast, no reduction of KNL1 levels or abnormalities was observed in fibroblasts and neural crest cells. We established that the KNL1 patient mutation generates an exonic splicing silencer site, which mainly affects neural progenitors because of their higher levels of splicing proteins. Our results provide insight into the brain-specific phenomenon, consistent with microcephaly being the only major phenotype of patients bearing KNL1 mutation. Using 3D neural spheroids, Javed et al. investigate a mutation in KNL1 that causes microcephaly. Their study shows that, despite ubiquitous mutant KNL1 expression, KNL1 mRNA processing is affected only in neural precursors due to difference in splicing protein levels, offering insights into why the phenotype remains brain specific in patients.
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