Peto's paradox revisited: black box vs mechanistic approaches to understanding the roles of mutations and promoting factors in cancer.
Peto's paradox revisited: black box vs mechanistic approaches to understanding the roles of mutations and promoting factors in cancer.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10654-022-00933-x
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发表时间：
2023-12
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Balmain, Allan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balmain, Allan
描述癌症数学模型的科学论文，尤其是那些包含复杂方程的科学论文，通常不会被形容为“有趣”，但理查德·皮托（Richard Peto）撰写的几篇开创性论文肯定是这样。这篇简短评论的目的是重新审视1984年写的一篇这样的论文，题为“癌症研究中无知的必要性”。在这篇特别的文章中，幸好没有包括这些方程，Peto首先讨论了人类和老鼠癌症发病率的统计分析所产生的影响，确定了后来被称为“Peto悖论”的问题。阿米蒂奇和多尔在1954年发表了一份关于人类癌症发病率的详细研究报告，得出的结论是，发病率与年龄的六次方成正比。1975年，皮托对老鼠进行了一项研究，用诱变剂（苯并芘）反复治疗老鼠好几个月，结果也表明，癌症发病率随着接触致癌物bbb时间的增加而增加。这些数据被广泛解释为支持一种癌症模型，无论是在小鼠还是人类身上，都是由反复长期暴露于破坏DNA的物质所导致的大约4-6次连续突变引起的。这一悖论源于这样一种观察，即小鼠和人类的癌症发病率和死亡率似乎与体型和寿命无关，尽管每个物种的细胞数量和靶细胞可能易受转化bbb影响的时间长短存在巨大差异。人类大约有2-3000倍
It is not often the case that scientific papers describing mathematical models of cancer, especially those including complex equations, can be described as “entertaining”, but this is certainly the case for several seminal papers written by Richard Peto. The purpose of this short review is to revisit one such paper, written in 1984, entitled “The need for ignorance in cancer research”[1].In this particular article, which thankfully did not include the equations, Peto first discussed implications arising from statistical analyses of the incidence of cancer in humans and mice, identifying questions that came to be known as “Peto’s paradox”. Armitage and Doll had in 1954 published a detailed study of human cancer incidence, concluding that the rate increased in proportion to the 6th power of age [2]. In 1975 Peto carried out a mouse study that involved repeated treatment of mice with a mutagen (benzpyrene) for many months, also showing that the cancer incidence rate increased as a power of the duration of exposure to the carcinogen [3]. These data were widely interpreted as supporting a model of cancer, both in mice and humans, as being caused by a sequential series of around 4–6 mutations due to repeated long term exposure to agents that damage DNA. The paradox arose from the observation that cancer incidence and mortality in mice and humans appear to be independent of body size and longevity, in spite of huge differences in the number of cells in each species, and the length of time during which target cells may be susceptible to transformation [4]. Humans have about 2–3000 times
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影响因子：
64.5
作者：
BROWN, K;QUINTANILLA, M;BALMAIN, A
通讯作者：
BALMAIN, A
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
BALMAIN, A;RAMSDEN, M;SMITH, J
通讯作者：
SMITH, J
影响因子：
64.5
作者：
BAILLEUL, B;SURANI, MA;BALMAIN, A
通讯作者：
BALMAIN, A
DOI：
10.1001/jama.2015.13134
发表时间：
2015-11-03
期刊：
JAMA
影响因子：
--
作者：
Abegglen LM;Caulin AF;Chan A;Lee K;Robinson R;Campbell MS;Kiso WK;Schmitt DL;Waddell PJ;Bhaskara S;Jensen ST;Maley CC;Schiffman JD
通讯作者：
Schiffman JD
与人类癌的年龄分布有关的两阶段的致癌理论。
影响因子：
8.8
作者：
ARMITAGE, P;DOLL, R
通讯作者：
DOLL, R