Ecological constraint, rather than opportunity, promotes adaptive radiation in three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) on North Uist.
Ecological constraint, rather than opportunity, promotes adaptive radiation in three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) on North Uist.
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.9716
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发表时间：
2023-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
适应性辐射的背景和原因已经被广泛描述和探索，但为什么在相关的进化谱系中没有发生快速的进化多样化还有待理解。标准的答案是，进化的多样化是由生态机会引起的，有些谱系没有遇到机会。苏格兰北尤伊斯特岛上的三棘鱼显示出巨大的多样性，这似乎与水生栖息地的多样性有关。据报道，邻近的南尤伊斯特岛上的棘鱼并没有表现出相同水平的进化多样性，尽管我们可能期望与北尤伊斯特岛相似的环境变化水平。在这项研究中，我们比较了形态和环境多样性的模式在北和南Uist。祖先溯河产卵刺鱼从两个岛屿表现出相似的形态，包括大小和骨“盔甲”。居民刺鱼表现出显着的变化，在装甲性状有关的pH值的水。然而，北Uist棘鱼表现出更大的多样性的形态特征比南Uist，这是与更大的多样性在北Uist的洛克斯的沃茨的pH值。高酸性和高碱性的淡水栖息地在南尤伊斯特岛上缺失或不常见。因此，pH值似乎作为一个因果因素驱动的进化多样化的刺鱼在当地的适应在北和南Uist。这与多样化与生态限制而非生态机会的关系更密切是一致的。进化的多样化通常被认为是由“生态机会”引起的：在一个新的栖息地入侵后，对资源的竞争减少。在这里，我们表明，多样化可能引起的生态约束：生物入侵的栖息地，在这种情况下，酸性淡水，可能是免费的竞争，但资源的可用性差。
The context and cause of adaptive radiations have been widely described and explored but why rapid evolutionary diversification does not occur in related evolutionary lineages has yet to be understood. The standard answer is that evolutionary diversification is provoked by ecological opportunity and that some lineages do not encounter the opportunity. Three‐spined sticklebacks on the Scottish island of North Uist show enormous diversification, which seems to be associated with the diversity of aquatic habitats. Sticklebacks on the neighboring island of South Uist have not been reported to show the same level of evolutionary diversity, despite levels of environmental variation that we might expect to be similar to North Uist. In this study, we compared patterns of morphological and environmental diversity on North and South Uist. Ancestral anadromous sticklebacks from both islands exhibited similar morphology including size and bony “armor.” Resident sticklebacks showed significant variation in armor traits in relation to pH of water. However, North Uist sticklebacks exhibited greater diversity of morphological traits than South Uist and this was associated with greater diversity in pH of the waters of lochs on North Uist. Highly acidic and highly alkaline freshwater habitats are missing, or uncommon, on South Uist. Thus, pH appears to act as a causal factor driving the evolutionary diversification of stickleback in local adaptation in North and South Uist. This is consistent with diversification being more associated with ecological constraint than ecological opportunity. Evolutionary diversification is often thought to arise from “ecological opportunity:” A reduction in competition for resources following the invasion of a new habitat. Here, we show that diversification may be provoked by ecological constraint: Organisms invading habitats, in this case, acid freshwater, may be free from competition but have poor resource availability.
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