Ancient allopatry and ecological divergence act together to promote plant diversity in mountainous regions: evidence from comparative phylogeography of two genera in the Sino-Himalayan region.
Ancient allopatry and ecological divergence act together to promote plant diversity in mountainous regions: evidence from comparative phylogeography of two genera in the Sino-Himalayan region.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12870-023-04593-1
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发表时间：
2023-11-17
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Sun, Hang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Peng, Junchu;Ma, Xiangguang;Sun, Hang
关键词：
地理隔离和生态差异如何共同促进山区的植物多样性，在很大程度上仍然未知。在这项研究中，我们选择了两个属，包括少量的物种分布在中国喜马拉雅地区，巨齿龙（龙胆科）和牛肝菌（毛茛科），这两个都表现出破碎的分布格局，并在广泛的海拔范围内发现。通过总结它们的物种形成和/或分化过程的共同模式，我们的目标是了解环境变化如何通过古老的异地分布和生态分化加速中国-喜马拉雅地区的谱系多样化。利用ddRAD-seq、叶绿体基因组序列和特定分子标记，我们研究了Beesia和Megacodon的系统发育关系、种群结构和历史生物地理学。这两个属从中新世晚期开始分化，在较低海拔的古代异地分布形成了狭窄范围的物种或残遗种群。遗传距离和气候，海拔或地理距离之间的曼特尔测试显示，隔离的距离模式，在Bearcus和Megacodon stylophorus。Megacodon显示两个分支占据了完全不同的海拔范围，而Beaculus calthifolia表现出遗传分化模式沿沿着。此外，我们还进行了形态测量，发现不同海拔组具有不同的叶形。中国-喜马拉雅地区植物类群的区域分离是剧烈的，并与多个地理界线密切相关。由于重大的地质和气候变化，当不同海拔被殖民时，生态分化往往同时发生在植物群内。虽然生境破碎化和近缘生态分化在不同程度上促进了物种的形成，但这两个因素的共同作用在中国-喜马拉雅地区是一种普遍现象。在线版本包含补充材料，可通过10.1186/s12870-023-04593-1获得。
How geographical isolation and ecological divergence act together to promote plant diversity in mountainous regions remains largely unknown. In this study, we chose two genera comprising a small number of species distributed in the Sino-Himalayan region, Megacodon (Gentianaceae) and Beesia (Ranunculaceae), which both exhibit a fragmented distribution pattern and are found across a wide range of elevations. By summarizing their common patterns of speciation and/or divergence processes, we aim to understand how environmental changes accelerated lineage diversification in the Sino-Himalayan region through ancient allopatry and ecological divergence. Using ddRAD-seq, chloroplast genome sequences, and specific molecular markers, we studied the phylogenetic relationships, population structure, and historical biogeography of Beesia and Megacodon. Both genera began to diverge from the late Miocene onwards, with ancient allopatry at lower elevations formed narrow-range species or relict populations. Mantel tests between genetic distance and climatic, elevational, or geographic distance revealed an isolation-by-distance pattern in Beesia and Megacodon stylophorus. Megacodon showed two clades occupying entirely different altitudinal ranges, whereas Beesia calthifolia exhibited a genetic divergence pattern along an elevation gradient. Furthermore, we conducted morphological measurements on Beesia calthifolia and found that different elevational groups had distinct leaf shapes. The regional disjunctions of plant groups in the Sino-Himalayan region are drastic and closely related to several biogeographic boundaries. As a consequence of major geological and climate change, ecological divergence when different elevations are colonized often happens simultaneously within plant groups. Although habitat fragmentation and parapatric ecological divergence each spur speciation to different extents, a combined effect of these two factors is a common phenomenon in the Sino-Himalayan region. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-023-04593-1.
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