Local Delivery of Therapeutics to the Cochlea Using Nanoparticles and Other Biomaterials.
Local Delivery of Therapeutics to the Cochlea Using Nanoparticles and Other Biomaterials.
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DOI：
10.3390/ph15091115
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发表时间：
2022-09-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Steyger PS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dash S;Zuo J;Steyger PS
听力损失对全球数百万人的福祉产生负面影响。耳治疗剂的全身递送由于严重的全身副作用和选择性地限制或实现血浆与内耳组织和流体之间的分子转移的血迷路屏障的存在而具有有限的功效。局部药物递送到中耳和内耳对于许多新出现的药物类别将是优选的。虽然耳蜗是药物递送的具有挑战性的靶点，但最近的技术可以提供安全有效的耳治疗剂递送。局部药物递送途径包括经由外耳道的局部递送、耳后递送、经鼓膜递送和颅内递送。许多专门用于内耳的新药物递送系统正在开发或进行临床研究。未来对这些系统的研究可能会提供一种延长药物输送的方法，以保护或恢复听力障碍患者的听力。这篇综述概述了（内耳）的解剖结构，描述了各种局部给药系统和途径，以及各种定量方法来确定药物在内耳中的药代动力学。
Hearing loss negatively impacts the well-being of millions of people worldwide. Systemic delivery of ototherapeutics has limited efficacy due to severe systemic side effects and the presence of the blood–labyrinth barrier that selectively limits or enables transfer of molecules between plasma and inner ear tissues and fluids. Local drug delivery into the middle and inner ear would be preferable for many newly emerging classes of drugs. Although the cochlea is a challenging target for drug delivery, recent technologies could provide a safe and efficacious delivery of ototherapeutics. Local drug delivery routes include topical delivery via the external auditory meatus, retroauricular, transtympanic, and intracochlear delivery. Many new drug delivery systems specifically for the inner ear are under development or undergoing clinical studies. Future studies into these systems may provide a means for extended delivery of drugs to preserve or restore hearing in patients with hearing disorders. This review outlines the anatomy of the (inner) ear, describes the various local delivery systems and routes, and various quantification methodologies to determine the pharmacokinetics of the drugs in the inner ear.
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