Direct heat flux sensing for window shading control in passive cooling systems

Direct heat flux sensing for window shading control in passive cooling systems
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用于被动冷却系统中窗户遮阳控制的直接热通量传感

DOI:
10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.111950
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
Rempel, Alexandra R.
Rempel, Alexandra R.
中科院分区:
工程技术2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Danis, Jackson;Mishra, Sandipan;Rempel, Alexandra R.

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预计到2050年,全球空间冷却的温室气体排放量将翻一番,这使得开发低碳冷却方法变得紧迫。通过窗户的太阳能热增益是冷却负荷的主要贡献者,因此,已经建立了可操作的遮阳策略,其响应于许多环境参数,包括太阳辐射、照明、一天中的时间以及室内和室外空气温度。虽然这些已经显示出出色的性能,但最佳设定点通常特定于气候,季节和空间,从而阻止了在不同条件下具有一致有效性的控制的开发。在这里,我们研究了一个替代参数,窗口表面热通量,其中0 W/m2的通用设定点识别窗口热增益和损失之间的转换。用低成本传感器获得的热通量信号的检查首先揭示了相关的噪声是一致的,但对于控制应用来说太大了。然后,使用代表性噪声特性来构建用于模拟的噪声信号,从而允许通过数字滤波方法和信号持续性要求来评估噪声缓解。引人注目的是,在六种不同的气候条件下,由所产生的输出控制的遮阳使窗户热增益降低了54-78%,与现有方法的性能相当或超过现有方法,这表明热通量传感现在是被动冷却系统中遮阳控制的杰出候选者。
Greenhouse gas emissions from space cooling are expected to double globally by 2050, giving urgency to the development of low-carbon cooling methods. Solar heat gain through windows is a leading contributor to cooling loads, and accordingly, operable shading strategies have been established that respond to numerous environmental parameters, including solar radiation, illumination, time of day, and indoor and outdoor air temperature. While these have shown excellent performance, optimal setpoints are typically specific to climates, seasons, and spaces, preventing development of controls with consistent effectiveness across varying conditions. Here we investigate an alternative parameter, window surface heat flux, in which a universal setpoint of 0 W/m2identifies transitions between window heat gain and loss. Examination of heat flux signals acquired with low-cost sensors first revealed the associated noise to be consistent but too great for control application. Representative noise characteristics were then used to construct noisy signals for simulations, allowing evaluation of noise mitigation by digital filtering methods and signal persistence requirements. Strikingly, shading controlled by the resulting output reduced window heat gain by 54–78% in six contrasting climates, comparable to or exceeding the performance of established approaches, indicating that heat flux sensing is now an outstanding candidate for shading control in passive cooling systems.
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