Host factor SAMHD1 restricts DNA viruses in non-dividing myeloid cells.

Host factor SAMHD1 restricts DNA viruses in non-dividing myeloid cells.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.ppat.1003481
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
Kim B
Kim B
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hollenbaugh JA;Gee P;Baker J;Daly MB;Amie SM;Tate J;Kasai N;Kanemura Y;Kim DH;Ward BM;Koyanagi Y;Kim B

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SAMHD 1是一种新发现的抗HIV宿主因子,具有dNTP三磷酸水解酶活性,并消耗非分裂髓样细胞中的细胞内dNTP库。由于DNA病毒利用细胞dNTP,我们研究了SAMHD 1是否限制DNA病毒在非分裂髓样靶细胞中的复制。事实上,两种双链DNA病毒,牛痘和单纯疱疹病毒1型,在非分裂靶细胞中以dNTP依赖性方式受到SAMHD 1限制。使用胸腺嘧啶核苷激酶缺陷的牛痘病毒株,我们证明了一个更大的限制,在非分裂细胞表达SAMHD 1的病毒复制。因此,这项研究表明,SAMHD 1是一种潜在的先天性抗病毒因子,可以抑制广泛的DNA病毒以及感染非分裂骨髓细胞的逆转录病毒的复制。各种病毒病原体如HIV-1、单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)和牛痘病毒在病毒发病过程中感染终末分化/非分裂巨噬细胞。与分裂细胞不同,非分裂细胞缺乏染色体DNA复制,不进入细胞周期,并且含有非常低水平的细胞dNTPs(病毒DNA聚合酶的底物)。最近的一系列研究表明,宿主蛋白SAMHD 1是dNTP三磷酸水解酶,其导致非分裂骨髓细胞中dNTP丰度差,并限制HIV-1和其他慢病毒在巨噬细胞、树突状细胞和静息T细胞中的前病毒DNA合成。在这份报告中,我们表明,SAMHD 1也控制复制的大dsDNA病毒:牛痘病毒和HSV-1,在原代人单核细胞衍生的巨噬细胞。SAMHD 1在不存在参与dNTP代谢的病毒基因如胸苷激酶的情况下甚至更大程度地抑制这些DNA病毒的复制。因此,本研究支持dsDNA病毒进化为表达增加dNTPs水平所必需的酶,作为克服骨髓细胞中SAMHD 1诱导的限制的机制。
SAMHD1 is a newly identified anti-HIV host factor that has a dNTP triphosphohydrolase activity and depletes intracellular dNTP pools in non-dividing myeloid cells. Since DNA viruses utilize cellular dNTPs, we investigated whether SAMHD1 limits the replication of DNA viruses in non-dividing myeloid target cells. Indeed, two double stranded DNA viruses, vaccinia and herpes simplex virus type 1, are subject to SAMHD1 restriction in non-dividing target cells in a dNTP dependent manner. Using a thymidine kinase deficient strain of vaccinia virus, we demonstrate a greater restriction of viral replication in non-dividing cells expressing SAMHD1. Therefore, this study suggests that SAMHD1 is a potential innate anti-viral player that suppresses the replication of a wide range of DNA viruses, as well as retroviruses, which infect non-dividing myeloid cells. Various viral pathogens such as HIV-1, herpes simplex virus (HSV) and vaccinia virus infect terminally-differentiated/non-dividing macrophages during the course of viral pathogenesis. Unlike dividing cells, non-dividing cells lack chromosomal DNA replication, do not enter the cell cycle, and harbor very low levels of cellular dNTPs, which are substrates of viral DNA polymerases. A series of recent studies revealed that the host protein SAMHD1 is dNTP triphosphohydrolase, which contributes to the poor dNTP abundance in non-dividing myeloid cells, and restricts proviral DNA synthesis of HIV-1 and other lentiviruses in macrophages, dendritic cells, and resting T cells. In this report, we demonstrate that SAMHD1 also controls the replication of large dsDNA viruses: vaccinia virus and HSV-1, in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. SAMHD1 suppresses the replication of these DNA viruses to an even greater extent in the absence of viral genes that are involved in dNTP metabolism such as thymidine kinase. Therefore, this study supports that dsDNA viruses evolved to express enzymes necessary to increase the levels of dNTPs as a mechanism to overcome the restriction induced by SAMHD1 in myeloid cells.
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