PHOTOMOVEMENT IN MOTILE MICROORGANISMS—II

PHOTOMOVEMENT IN MOTILE MICROORGANISMS—II
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运动微生物的光运动—II

DOI:
--
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发表时间:
1988
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
D. Häder
D. Häder
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
W. Nultsch;D. Häder

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在我们之前的审查中(Nultsch和Hader,1979),WC已经涵盖了到那时为止已经出现的关于光移动的相关论文。本审查涵盖了从1979年开始的最近工作,只是偶尔提到较老的文献。自那时以来,已经发表了许多关于微生物中光移动的几个方面的其他评论(Hader,1980;Feinleib)。1980年;福斯特和史密斯,1980年;努尔奇,1988a,1984年,1985年a;努尔奇和哈德,1980年;科伦贝蒂和伦奇,1980年;科伦贝蒂等人,1982年b;基维奇和沃恩,1983年;波夫和洪,1982;豪普特,1983;波夫,1983;梅尔肯和罗伯内克,1984)。这项调查将涵盖整个移动的单细胞生物的依赖光的行为,但将排除固定植物器官的光致弯曲(有关综述,例如,Dennison,1979;Lipson等人,1984)以及光引发的细胞内运动,如叶绿体的取向(Britz,1979;Haupt,1982;Wagner和Grolig,1985)。许多可移动的微生物在它们的栖息地使用一些策略来定位,以响应几个外部因素,这些外部因素充当在它们的环境中找到最佳位置的线索。这些外部因素包括化学(MacNab,1985;Berg,1985)和温度(Mizuno等人,1984;Poff,1985)梯度、地球磁场(Ofer等人,1984;Frankel,1984;Esquivel和Barros,1986;Torres de Araujo ef a/.,1986;Stolz ei al.,1986)和重力(Bean,1984;Briegleb ei NL.,1986;Kessler,1985,1986)场以及机械和电刺激。光不仅在光合作用生物体中发挥着重要的定向作用,由于能量原因,光合作用生物体依赖于太阳辐射的可用性,而且在非光合作用生物体中也是如此,非光合作用生物体利用光作为定向线索移动,例如到适合孢子发育的区域或躲避可能破坏细胞内色素的有害辐射。游动微生物已经发展出三种基本不同的策略,它们对光做出反应(Diehn等人,1977):趋光性描述了有机体相对于光方向的定向运动。正趋光性引领一个有机体(或一个种群)
In our previous review (Nultsch and Hader, 1979) wc had covered the relevant papers on photomovement which had appeared up to that time. The present review covers the recent work starting from 1979 and only occasionally refers to older literature. Since thBt time a number of other reviews have been published on several aspects of photomovement in microorganisms (Hader, 1980; Feinleib. 1980; Foster and Smyth, 1980; Nultsch, 1980a,b. 1984, 1985a; Nultsch and Hader, 1980; Colombetti and Lenci, 1980; Colombetti et al., 1982b; Kivic and Walne, 1983; Poff and Hong, 1982; Haupt, 1983; Poff, 1983; Melkonian and Robenek, 1984). This survey will cover the light-dependent behavior of whole motile unior multicellular organisms but will exclude phototropic bending of organs of fixed plants (for reviews see, e.g. Dennison, 1979; Lipson et al., 1984) as well as light-triggered intracellular movements such as the orientation of chloroplasts (Britz, 1979; Haupt, 1982; Wagner and Grolig, 1985). Many motile microorganisms orient in their habitat using a number of strategies in response t o several external factors which serve as clues to find an optimal position in their environment. These external factors include chemical (MacNab, 1985; Berg, 1985) and temperature (Mizuno et al., 1984; Poff, 1985) gradients, the earth's magnetic (Ofer et ul., 1984; Frankel, 1984; Esquivel and Barros, 1986; Torres de Araujo ef a/., 1986; Stolz ei al., 1986) and gravitational (Bean, 1984; Briegleb ei nl., 1986; Kessler, 1985, 1986) fields as well as mechanical and electric stimuli. Light certainly plays a major role in orientation not only in photosynthetic organisms, which for energetic reasons depend on the availability of solar radiation, but also in non-photosynthetic organisms which use light as a directional clue to move, e.g. to a suitable area for spore development or to escape detrimental radiation which might destroy the intracellular pigments. Motile microorganisms have developed three basically different strategies with which they respond to light (Diehn et al., 1977): Phototaxis describes the directed movement of an organism with respect to the light direction. Positive phototaxis leads an organism (or a population)
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