Genetic approaches to access cell types in mammalian nervous systems.

Genetic approaches to access cell types in mammalian nervous systems.
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获取哺乳动物神经系统细胞类型的遗传方法

DOI:
10.1016/j.conb.2018.02.003
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发表时间:
2018-06
影响因子:
5.7
通讯作者:
Huang ZJ
Huang ZJ
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
He M;Huang ZJ

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了解大脑回路的组织和功能需要系统地解剖其细胞成分。由于细胞数量和多样性巨大,哺乳动物神经系统对于实现特定和全面的细胞类型访问-电路分析的先决条件-提出了艰巨的挑战。小鼠的遗传方法依赖于种系工程来获得标记定义的细胞群。涉及标记交叉、解剖学和投射模式(例如抗病毒和逆转录病毒载体)以及发育谱系的组合策略显著增加了细胞类型靶向的特异性。虽然越来越多的小鼠细胞类型正在变得实验可及,但全面覆盖需要在战略基础设施和财政规划方面做出更大的协调努力。基于CRISPR的基因组编辑可能使其他物种的细胞类型获得,但时间,成本和伦理问题仍然存在,特别是对于灵长类动物。绕过生殖系的新方法,如体细胞工程和基于细胞表面的基因递送,可能会减少遗传进入哺乳动物细胞类型的障碍。
Understanding brain circuit organization and function requires systematic dissection of its cellular components. With vast cell number and diversity, mammalian nervous systems present a daunting challenge for achieving specific and comprehensive cell type access – prerequisite to circuit analysis. Genetic approaches in the mouse have relied on germline engineering to access marker-defined cell populations. Combinatorial strategies that engage marker intersection, anatomy and projection pattern (e.g. antero- and retro-grade viral vectors), and developmental lineage substantially increase the specificity of cell type targeting. While increasing number of mouse cell types are becoming experimentally accessible, comprehensive coverage requires larger coordinated efforts with strategic infrastructural and fiscal planning. CRISPR-based genome editing may enable cell type access in other species, but issues of time, cost and ethics remain, especially for primates. Novel approaches that bypass the germline, such as somatic cell engineering and cell surface-based gene delivery, may reduce the barrier of genetic access to mammalian cell types.
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