Meta-adaptation in the auditory midbrain under cortical influence.

Meta-adaptation in the auditory midbrain under cortical influence.
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DOI:
10.1038/ncomms13442
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发表时间:
2016-11-24
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
McAlpine, David
McAlpine, David
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Robinson, Benjamin L.;Harper, Nicol S.;McAlpine, David

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神经适应是感觉的核心。例如,听觉中脑的神经元会迅速调整它们的放电速率,以提高对常见声音强度的编码精度。然而,尚不清楚这种适应是固定的,还是动态的,依赖于经验的。在这里,我们使用豚鼠作为动物模型,我们报告说,当环境再次出现时,适应会加速——作为对在安静和嘈杂之间反复切换的声音环境的反应,中脑神经元会积累经验,更快地找到有效的代码。这种现象,我们称之为元适应,表明中脑受到自上而下的影响。为了验证这一点,我们让听觉皮层失活,发现随着经验而加速的适应被减弱,这表明听觉皮层——以及它对中脑的鲜为人知的投射——在调节元适应中发挥了作用。鉴于适应在生物体和感官中的普遍存在,元适应可能同样普遍,对理解神经元如何对现实世界中快速变化的环境进行编码具有广泛的意义。听觉中脑的神经元会根据声音强度的变化而改变它们的放电速率。在这里,作者表明,在豚鼠中,当神经元再次遇到相同的环境时,这种改变发生得更快,他们将这种现象称为元适应。
Neural adaptation is central to sensation. Neurons in auditory midbrain, for example, rapidly adapt their firing rates to enhance coding precision of common sound intensities. However, it remains unknown whether this adaptation is fixed, or dynamic and dependent on experience. Here, using guinea pigs as animal models, we report that adaptation accelerates when an environment is re-encountered—in response to a sound environment that repeatedly switches between quiet and loud, midbrain neurons accrue experience to find an efficient code more rapidly. This phenomenon, which we term meta-adaptation, suggests a top–down influence on the midbrain. To test this, we inactivate auditory cortex and find acceleration of adaptation with experience is attenuated, indicating a role for cortex—and its little-understood projections to the midbrain—in modulating meta-adaptation. Given the prevalence of adaptation across organisms and senses, meta-adaptation might be similarly common, with extensive implications for understanding how neurons encode the rapidly changing environments of the real world. Neurons in the auditory midbrain are known to modify their firing rates in response to changes in sound intensity. Here the authors show that in guinea pigs, such modifications occur faster when neurons re-encounter the same environment, a phenomenon they term meta-adaptation.
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