African-Caribbean women interrogating diaspora/post-diaspora
African-Caribbean women interrogating diaspora/post-diaspora
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审问侨民/侨民后的非洲裔加勒比妇女
DOI：
10.1080/17528631.2020.1740471
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Scafe S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Scafe S
Suzanne Scafe a和Leith Dunn b英国伦敦南岸大学；b西印度群岛牙买加性别与发展研究所从解放后时期到今天，从加勒比移民并经常返回加勒比地区一直是该区域的一个重要特征，并塑造了该区域的经济和社会结构、个人和家庭关系以及文化的生产和消费。正如Mary Chamberlain所说，“加勒比文化必然涉及移民和移民的想象力”(Chamberlain 2002，7-8)；它的文化是克利奥化的或“超融合”的，具有多元性、复杂性和不稳定性的特点(Benítez-Rojo 1992，46)。然而，正如斯图亚特·霍尔提醒我们的那样，克里奥里化和混合民族和文化的产生源于暴力：“我们与历史的关系非但没有延续下去，反而以最可怕、最暴力、最突然的破裂为标志”(霍尔2019a，210)。因此，加勒比文化独特的全球化特征产生于一段暴力分裂和丧失的历史，反映在加勒比领土内散居国外的人不均衡且往往是混乱的会议上。因此，加勒比与其全球侨民的关系是侨民和文化的更进一步、更复杂的层次化迭代。正如若干研究表明的那样，移徙、定居、社区形成、再移徙和返回的经历，既取决于移徙者迁入的社会经济环境和他们在本国的地位(2002年福纳；霍斯特2007年；Gentles-Peart和霍尔，2012年)，也取决于移徙人口的性别特征。方纳的工作说明了“合并的社会和文化背景”的重要性，认为它“无疑是解释加勒比移民经历差异的最重要因素”(56)。她以海地移民在纽约和迈阿密不同的散居经历为例，强调了在国家和城市之间采取比较方法的价值，与此形成对比的是，Amber Lascelles对这一特别问题的贡献也是暗指的。移民体验的性质和质量也受到历史纠葛和地理关系的影响。英国在奴隶贸易、奴隶社会的形成、契约进程以及在加勒比建立英国殖民社会方面发挥的领导作用，不可避免地导致了英国作为其殖民地的社会、政治和文化中心或“家园”的建设。几位在20世纪50年代和60年代来到英国的作家将这种中心和边缘的纠葛描述为一种分裂，或者说是到达英国时的一种体验，就像是一个熟悉的陌生人(Morley 2019，2)。这种熟悉是由于对英国历史、文化和制度有了更多的了解和了解，
Suzanne Scafe a and Leith Dunn b bLondon South Bank University, London, UK; bInstitute for Gender and Development Studies, Jamaica, West IndiesFrom the post-emancipation period to the present-day, migration from and frequently return to the Caribbean has been a defining feature of the region and has shaped its economic and social structures, personal and domestic relations and the production and consumption of culture. As Mary Chamberlain argues,‘Caribbean culture engages necessarily with migration and with a migratory imagination’(Chamberlain 2002, 7–8); its cultures are creolized or ‘supersyncretic’, and characterized by plurality, complexity and instability (Benítez-Rojo 1992, 46). However, as Stuart Hall reminds us, this process of creolization and the production of hybrid peoples and cultures was born out of violence:‘Far from being continuous with our pasts, our relation to that history is marked by the most horrendous, violent, abrupt ruptural breaks’(Hall 2019a, 210). The distinctively globalized character of Caribbean culture is thus born out of a history of violent breakage and loss, reflected in the uneven and often messy meeting of diasporas within the territories of the Caribbean. The relationship of the Caribbean to its global diasporas is, therefore, a further, and more complexly layered iteration of diasporic peoples and cultures. As several studies demonstrate, the experience of migration, settlement, community formation, re-migration and return, depends both on the socio-economic contexts to which migrants move and their status in the homeland (Foner 2002; Horst 2007; Gentles-Peart and Hall 2012), as well as on the gender identities of the migrating population. Foner’s work illustrates the importance of the ‘social and cultural context of incorporation’, arguing that it is ‘undoubtedly the most important factor accounting for differences in the Caribbean immigrant experience’(56). She emphasises the value of a comparative approach across both nations and cities using, among others, the example of Haitian migrants’ contrasting diasporic experiences in New York and Miami, a contrast to which Amber Lascelles’ contribution to this Special Issue also alludes. The character and quality of the migratory experience is also affected by historical entanglements and geographical relations. Britain’s leading role in the slave trade, in the formation of slave societies, in processes of indentureship and in the establishment of British colonial societies in the Caribbean inevitably led to the construction of Britain, in relation to its colonies, as the social, political and cultural centre or ‘home’. Several writers who arrived in Britain in the 1950s and ‘60s have described this centre-periphery entanglement as a kind of splitting, or as the experience, on arriving in Britain, of being a ‘familiar stranger’(Morley 2019, 2). This familiarity is produced by the effect of having a greater understanding and knowledge of British history, its culture and institutions,
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2019
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影响因子：
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