Automatic early warning of tail biting in pigs: 3D cameras can detect lowered tail posture before an outbreak.
Automatic early warning of tail biting in pigs: 3D cameras can detect lowered tail posture before an outbreak.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0194524
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Baxter EM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D'Eath RB;Jack M;Futro A;Talbot D;Zhu Q;Barclay D;Baxter EM
咬尾是全世界室内养猪生产者的主要福利和经济问题。低尾姿势是一个早期预警信号，可以减少咬尾的不可预测性。采用精准畜牧方法，我们使用飞行时间3D相机，通过机器视觉算法处理数据，自动测量猪尾巴姿势。3D算法的验证发现，检测低尾与非低尾的准确度为73.9%（灵敏度88.4%，特异性66.8%）。在典型商业条件下饲养23组猪，每组29头，尾部完整（未断尾），共8个批次。15个群体发生咬尾事件，随后在围栏中添加了富集物，并将咬尾者和/或受害者移走并进行治疗。来自爆发组的3D数据显示，低尾检测的比例在爆发前增加，在爆发后下降。在暴发前，低尾的增加率随着时间的推移而增加，并且低尾的比例在暴发前1周（-1）高于暴发前2周（-2）。在每个批次中，确定了爆发和非爆发对照组。爆发组在第-1周、第+1周和第+2周比其匹配对照组有更多的3D低尾检测。比较3D尾部姿势和尾部损伤评分数据，更大比例的低尾与更多的受伤猪相关。低尾可能表明不仅仅是咬尾，因为尾姿势在组间和随时间变化，并且当猪转移到新围栏时，低尾的比例增加。我们的研究结果证明了3D机器视觉系统自动检测尾部姿态并提供早期预警的潜力。
Tail biting is a major welfare and economic problem for indoor pig producers worldwide. Low tail posture is an early warning sign which could reduce tail biting unpredictability. Taking a precision livestock farming approach, we used Time-of-flight 3D cameras, processing data with machine vision algorithms, to automate the measurement of pig tail posture. Validation of the 3D algorithm found an accuracy of 73.9% at detecting low vs. not low tails (Sensitivity 88.4%, Specificity 66.8%). Twenty-three groups of 29 pigs per group were reared with intact (not docked) tails under typical commercial conditions over 8 batches. 15 groups had tail biting outbreaks, following which enrichment was added to pens and biters and/or victims were removed and treated. 3D data from outbreak groups showed the proportion of low tail detections increased pre-outbreak and declined post-outbreak. Pre-outbreak, the increase in low tails occurred at an increasing rate over time, and the proportion of low tails was higher one week pre-outbreak (-1) than 2 weeks pre-outbreak (-2). Within each batch, an outbreak and a non-outbreak control group were identified. Outbreak groups had more 3D low tail detections in weeks -1, +1 and +2 than their matched controls. Comparing 3D tail posture and tail injury scoring data, a greater proportion of low tails was associated with more injured pigs. Low tails might indicate more than just tail biting as tail posture varied between groups and over time and the proportion of low tails increased when pigs were moved to a new pen. Our findings demonstrate the potential for a 3D machine vision system to automate tail posture detection and provide early warning of tail biting on farm.
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影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Di Giminiani P;Edwards SA;Malcolm EM;Leach MC;Herskin MS;Sandercock DA
通讯作者：
Sandercock DA
DOI：
10.20506/rst.33.1.2273
发表时间：
2014-04-01
影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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