Constraining the interior of extrasolar giant planets with the tidal Love number k_2 using the example of HAT-P-13b

Constraining the interior of extrasolar giant planets with the tidal Love number k_2 using the example of HAT-P-13b
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以 HAT-P-13b 为例,用潮汐爱数 k_2 约束太阳系外巨行星的内部

DOI:
10.1051/0004-6361/201118141
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发表时间:
2012
影响因子:
6.5
通讯作者:
Redmer R.
Redmer R.
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kramm U;Nettelmann N;Fortney J.J;Neuhäuser R;Redmer R.

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上下文凌日和径向速度观测不断发现越来越多的系外行星。然而,当谈到观测到的行星的组成时,这些数据与几种内部结构模型是一致的。因此,一个对行星密度分布敏感的行星参数可以帮助进一步约束大量可能的模型。目的我们的目标是通过将潮汐Love数k2作为附加的、可能可观测的参数来研究系外行星内部在核心质量和包层金属丰度方面的约束程度。方法由于它是唯一一颗通过观测确定k2的行星,我们通过求解不同边界条件下的流体静力平衡方程和质量守恒方程,构建了热木星系外行星HAT-P-13b的内部模型。特别是,我们在尽可能宽的参数范围内改变了表面温度和外部温度分布,以及包络金属丰度。我们还考虑了与非灰色大气模型一致的大气条件。对于所有这些模型,我们计算了勒夫数k2,并将其与由HAT-P-13b的偏心率测量得到的k2值的允许范围进行了比较。结果我们以HAT-P-13b为例,给出了行星的量温度、包层金属丰度、核心质量和勒夫数之间的一般关系。对于任何给定的k2值,都可以确定最大可能的核心质量。对于HAT-P-13b,我们根据最新的偏心率测量得出Mcore<27M⊕。我们倾向于与我们的模型大气相一致的模型,这给出了我们等温区的温度为1~2100−K。有了这个外部边界条件和我们新的2-区间,我们能够将HAT-P-13b的包层和整体金属丰度限制在1−11倍恒星金属度,并将行星大气中的等温层扩展到3 Gb 44 Jbar。假定潮汐平衡理论,我们发现潮汐Q的下限与103−105一致。结论我们的分析表明,潮汐Love数k2是研究系外行星内部的一个非常有用的参数。它还允许人们对核心质量施加限制,并估计行星包层的金属丰度。
ContextTransit and radial velocity observations continuously discover an increasing number of exoplanets. However, when it comes to the composition of the observed planets the data are compatible with several interior structure models. Thus, a planetary parameter sensitive to the planet’s density distribution could help constrain this large number of possible models even further.AimsWe aim to investigate to what extent an exoplanet’s interior can be constrained in terms of core mass and envelope metallicity by taking the tidal Love numberk2into account as an additional, possibly observable parameter.MethodsBecause it is the only planet with an observationally determinedk2, we constructed interior models for the Hot Jupiter exoplanet HAT-P-13b by solving the equations of hydrostatic equilibrium and mass conservation for different boundary conditions. In particular, we varied the surface temperature and the outer temperature profile, as well as the envelope metallicity within the widest possible parameter range. We also considered atmospheric conditions that are consistent with nongray atmosphere models. For all these models we calculated the Love numberk2and compared it to the allowed range ofk2values that could be obtained from eccentricity measurements of HAT-P-13b.ResultsWe use the example of HAT-P-13b to show the general relationships between the quantities temperature, envelope metallicity, core mass, and Love number of a planet. For any givenk2value a maximum possible core mass can be determined. For HAT-P-13b we findMcore< 27M⊕, based on the latest eccentricity measurement. We favor models that are consistent with our model atmosphere, which gives us the temperature of the isothermal region as  ~2100 K. With this external boundary condition and our newk2-interval we are able to constrain both the envelope and bulk metallicity of HAT-P-13b to 1−11 times stellar metallicity and the extension of the isothermal layer in the planet’s atmosphere to 3−44 bar. Assuming equilibrium tidal theory, we find lower limits on the tidalQconsistent with 103−105.ConclusionsOur analysis shows that the tidal Love numberk2is a very useful parameter for studying the interior of exoplanets. It allows one to place limits on the core mass and estimate the metallicity of a planet’s envelope.
DOI: --
发表时间: 2010
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作者:
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通讯作者: S. Seager
DOI: --
发表时间: 2011
期刊:
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作者:
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DOI: --
发表时间: 2011
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
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通讯作者: N. Nettelmann
DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/707/1/446
发表时间: 2009-07
期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
影响因子: --
作者:
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通讯作者: G. Bakos;A. Howard;R. W. Noyes;J. Hartman;G. Torres;G. Kovács;D. Fischer;D. Latham;J. Johnson;G. Marcy;D. Sasselov;R. Stefanik;B. Sipocz;Gabor Kovacs;G. Esquerdo;A. Pál;J. Lázár;I. P. CfA;Nsf Fellow;Ucb;K. Observatory;Sfsu;Ifa;D. Astronomy;Elte;Hungarian Astronomical Association
DOI: --
发表时间: --
期刊: arXiv: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
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