Enhanced protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 elicited by a VSV vector expressing a chimeric spike protein.

Enhanced protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 elicited by a VSV vector expressing a chimeric spike protein.
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表达嵌合刺突蛋白的 VSV 载体可增强针对 SARS-CoV-2 的保护性免疫力

DOI:
10.1038/s41392-021-00797-9
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发表时间:
2021-11-10
影响因子:
39.3
通讯作者:
Zheng A
Zheng A
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Li H;Zhang Y;Li D;Deng YQ;Xu H;Zhao C;Liu J;Wen D;Zhao J;Li Y;Wu Y;Liu S;Liu J;Hao J;Yuan F;Duo S;Qin CF;Zheng A

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SARS-CoV-2和SARS-CoV是基因上相关的冠状病毒,具有相同的细胞受体ACE2。通过用SARS-CoV-2和SARS-CoV的尖峰(S)取代VSV糖蛋白,我们获得了两种具有复制能力的重组病毒rVSV-SARS-CoV-2和rVSV-SARS-CoV。利用野生型和人ACE2(HACE2)敲入小鼠模型,我们发现单剂rVSV-SARS-CoV可以通过鼻腔(I.N.)诱导强烈的体液免疫反应。和肌内(I.M.)路线。尽管SARS-CoV-2与SARS-CoV有很高的遗传相似性,但在免疫的小鼠血清中没有观察到明显的交叉中和活性。在猕猴中,一种免疫球蛋白诱导的中和抗体(NAB)滴度。RVSV-SARS-CoV-2的剂量是单一肌肉注射的8倍。剂量。因此,我们的数据表明rVSV-SARS-CoV-2可能适合免疫接种。行政管理,而不是传统的IM。人体免疫。由于rVSV-SARS-CoV诱导的NAB反应明显强于rVSV-SARS-CoV-2,因此我们用SARS-CoV-2的受体结合区替换SARS-CoV-2的受体结合区,获得了嵌合抗原。表达嵌合体的rVSV(rVSV-SARS-CoV/2-RBD)在小鼠和猕猴体内诱导的抗SARS-CoV-2的NAb显著高于rVSV-SARS-CoV-2,且具有安全的Th1偏向反应。RVSV-SARS-CoV/2-RBD免疫血清与SARS-CoV无交叉反应。HACE2小鼠接受一次肌肉注射。RVSV-SARS-CoV-2或rVSV-SARS-CoV/2-RBD对SARS-CoV-2攻击均有完全保护作用,未见明显的肺部病变。我们的结果表明,将SARS-CoV-2RBD基因移植到SARS-CoV S蛋白中,可能是一种很有前途的新冠肺炎疫苗的抗原设计。
SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV are genetically related coronavirus and share the same cellular receptor ACE2. By replacing the VSV glycoprotein with the spikes (S) of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, we generated two replication-competent recombinant viruses, rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 and rVSV-SARS-CoV. Using wild-type and human ACE2 (hACE2) knock-in mouse models, we found a single dose of rVSV-SARS-CoV could elicit strong humoral immune response via both intranasal (i.n.) and intramuscular (i.m.) routes. Despite the high genetic similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, no obvious cross-neutralizing activity was observed in the immunized mice sera. In macaques, neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers induced by one i.n. dose of rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 were eight-fold higher than those by a single i.m. dose. Thus, our data indicates that rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 might be suitable for i.n. administration instead of the traditional i.m. immunization in human. Because rVSV-SARS-CoV elicited significantly stronger NAb responses than rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 in a route-independent manner, we generated a chimeric antigen by replacing the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV S with that from the SARS-CoV-2. rVSV expressing the chimera (rVSV-SARS-CoV/2-RBD) induced significantly increased NAbs against SARS-CoV-2 in mice and macaques than rVSV-SARS-CoV-2, with a safe Th1-biased response. Serum immunized with rVSV-SARS-CoV/2-RBD showed no cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV. hACE2 mice receiving a single i.m. dose of either rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 or rVSV-SARS-CoV/2-RBD were fully protected against SARS-CoV-2 challenge without obvious lesions in the lungs. Our results suggest that transplantation of SARS-CoV-2 RBD into the S protein of SARS-CoV might be a promising antigen design for COVID-19 vaccines.
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