Mechanism of ritonavir changes in methadone pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: I. Evidence against CYP3A mediation of methadone clearance.

Mechanism of ritonavir changes in methadone pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: I. Evidence against CYP3A mediation of methadone clearance.
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DOI:
10.1038/clpt.2008.104
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发表时间:
2008-10
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学2区
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--
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Ritonavir diminishes methadone plasma concentrations, attributed to CYP3A induction, but actual mechanisms are unknown. We determined ritonavir effects on stereoselective methadone pharmacokinetics and clinical effects (pupillary miosis) in healthy HIV-negative volunteers. Subjects received intravenous plus oral (deuterium-labeled) racemic methadone after nothing, short-term (3 day) and steady-state ritonavir. Acute and steady-state ritonavir, respectively, caused 1.5- and 2-fold induction of systemic and apparent oral R- and S-methadone clearances. Ritonavir increased renal clearance 40-50%, and stereoselectively (S>R) increased methadone hepatic N-demethylation 50-80%, extraction 2-fold, and clearance 2-fold. Bioavailability was unchanged, despite significant inhibition of intestinal P-glycoprotein. Intestinal and hepatic CYP3A was inhibited >70%. Ritonavir shifted methadone plasma concentration-miosis curves leftward and upward. Rapid ritonavir induction of methadone clearance results from increased renal clearance and induced hepatic metabolism. Induction of methadone metabolism occurred despite profound CYP3A inhibition, suggesting no role for CYP3A in clinical methadone metabolism and clearance. Ritonavir may alter methadone pharmacodynamics.
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