Tetherin restricts direct cell-to-cell infection of HIV-1.

Tetherin restricts direct cell-to-cell infection of HIV-1.
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DOI:
10.1186/1742-4690-7-115
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发表时间:
2010-12-24
期刊:
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Wainberg MA
Wainberg MA
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kuhl BD;Sloan RD;Donahue DA;Bar-Magen T;Liang C;Wainberg MA

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系链蛋白(BST-2/CD 317/HM 1.24)是先天免疫系统的干扰素(IFN)诱导因子,最近显示通过将新生病毒颗粒系在细胞表面,从而抑制病毒释放来对HIV-1和其他包膜病毒发挥抗病毒活性。在HIV-1感染中,病毒蛋白U(Vpu)通过下调细胞表面的tetherin来抵消这种抗病毒作用。T细胞之间的病毒传播可以通过无细胞传播或通过脂质筏丰富的病毒突触的更有效的直接细胞到细胞途径发生,其中系链蛋白定位。我们建立了一种基于流式细胞术的共培养试验来区分病毒转移和病毒传播,并研究了Tetherin对HIV-1细胞间传播的影响。使用可诱导系链蛋白表达的Sup-T1细胞来检查效应细胞和靶细胞系链蛋白表达对病毒转移和传播的影响。使用该测定,我们表明,拴系蛋白抑制直接的细胞间病毒转移和传播。病毒Vpu通过下调来自效应细胞表面的系链蛋白来促进来自系链蛋白表达细胞的病毒传播。此外,我们发现靶细胞上的系链蛋白促进病毒转移和传播。病毒感染性本身不受拴蛋白的影响。除了抑制病毒释放外,Tetherin还抑制细胞间的直接传播。病毒蛋白Vpu抵消了这种限制,超过了它在细胞间传播中可能的适应性成本。栓系蛋白在效应细胞和靶细胞中的不同作用表明栓系蛋白在细胞-细胞接触和病毒学突触中的作用。
Tetherin (BST-2/CD317/HM1.24) is an interferon (IFN)-inducible factor of the innate immune system, recently shown to exert antiviral activity against HIV-1 and other enveloped viruses by tethering nascent viral particles to the cell surface, thereby inhibiting viral release. In HIV-1 infection, the viral protein U (Vpu) counteracts this antiviral action by down-modulating tetherin from the cell surface. Viral dissemination between T-cells can occur via cell-free transmission or the more efficient direct cell-to-cell route through lipid raft-rich virological synapses, to which tetherin localizes. We established a flow cytometry-based co-culture assay to distinguish viral transfer from viral transmission and investigated the influence of tetherin on cell-to-cell spread of HIV-1. Sup-T1 cells inducible for tetherin expression were used to examine the impact of effector and target cell tetherin expression on virus transfer and transmission. Using this assay, we showed that tetherin inhibits direct cell-to-cell virus transfer and transmission. Viral Vpu promoted viral transmission from tetherin-expressing cells by down-modulating tetherin from the effector cell surface. Further, we showed that tetherin on the target cell promotes viral transfer and transmission. Viral infectivity in itself was not affected by tetherin. In addition to inhibiting viral release, tetherin also inhibits direct cell-to-cell spread. Viral protein Vpu counteracts this restriction, outweighing its possible cost of fitness in cell-to-cell transmission. The differential role of tetherin in effector and target cells suggest a role for tetherin in cell-cell contacts and virological synapses.
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