Reconciling timber extraction with biodiversity conservation in tropical forests using reduced-impact logging.
Reconciling timber extraction with biodiversity conservation in tropical forests using reduced-impact logging.
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.12391
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发表时间：
2015-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Baraloto C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bicknell JE;Struebig MJ;Davies ZG;Baraloto C
世界上超过20%的热带森林已经被选择性地砍伐，并为未来的木材开采分配了大片土地。减少影响伐木(RIL)正在被推广为最佳实践林业，通过减少与木材开采相关的附带损害，增加可持续性并降低伐木造成的二氧化碳排放。预计RIL还将把选择性采伐对生物多样性的影响降至最低，尽管这一点尚未得到彻底测试。我们进行了迄今为止最全面的研究，以调查RIL在多个分类组中对生物多样性的影响。我们对鸟类、蝙蝠和大型哺乳动物的聚集结构进行了量化，采用了事前-事后控制-影响(BACI)设计，在5年的时间里覆盖了20个样本点。动物群调查使用了点计数、雾网和线条横断面，产生了250种。我们研究了群落对采伐的反应，以及取食协会和地层(林下与树冠)的划分，然后测试了与采伐强度的关系，以评估群落组成的主要决定因素。群落分析表明，RIL对整个群落的影响很小，因为采伐前后以及采伐地和对照地之间的结构和组成都是相似的。鸟类群落的变化是由自然变化率解释的，而不是伐木强度。然而，当按摄食行会和层级划分时，食果性和冠层鸟类群体因RIL而发生变化，尽管后者也与时间的变化有关。蝙蝠在伐木后表现出与伐木无关的变化，而大型哺乳动物则完全没有变化。指示种分析和与采伐强度的相关分析表明，一些物种对RIL表现出特殊的响应，而其他大多数物种的丰度变化与时间有关。合成与应用。我们的研究表明，在新热带森林环境下，减少影响采伐(RIL)对鸟类、蝙蝠和大型哺乳动物具有相对良性的影响，因此，我们建议森林管理者应该更广泛地改进木材提取技术。如果RIL被广泛采用，林业特许权可能代表着对全球保护产业的可观和重要的增加-超过400万平方公里。我们的研究表明，在新热带森林环境下，减少影响采伐(RIL)对鸟类、蝙蝠和大型哺乳动物具有相对良性的影响，因此，我们建议森林管理者应该更广泛地改进木材提取技术。如果RIL被广泛采用，林业特许权可能代表着对全球保护产业的可观和重要的增加-超过400万平方公里。
Over 20% of the world's tropical forests have been selectively logged, and large expanses are allocated for future timber extraction. Reduced‐impact logging (RIL) is being promoted as best practice forestry that increases sustainability and lowers CO 2 emissions from logging, by reducing collateral damage associated with timber extraction. RIL is also expected to minimize the impacts of selective logging on biodiversity, although this is yet to be thoroughly tested. We undertake the most comprehensive study to date to investigate the biodiversity impacts of RIL across multiple taxonomic groups. We quantified birds, bats and large mammal assemblage structures, using a before‐after control‐impact (BACI) design across 20 sample sites over a 5‐year period. Faunal surveys utilized point counts, mist nets and line transects and yielded >250 species. We examined assemblage responses to logging, as well as partitions of feeding guild and strata (understorey vs. canopy), and then tested for relationships with logging intensity to assess the primary determinants of community composition. Community analysis revealed little effect of RIL on overall assemblages, as structure and composition were similar before and after logging, and between logging and control sites. Variation in bird assemblages was explained by natural rates of change over time, and not logging intensity. However, when partitioned by feeding guild and strata, the frugivorous and canopy bird ensembles changed as a result of RIL, although the latter was also associated with change over time. Bats exhibited variable changes post‐logging that were not related to logging, whereas large mammals showed no change at all. Indicator species analysis and correlations with logging intensities revealed that some species exhibited idiosyncratic responses to RIL, whilst abundance change of most others was associated with time. Synthesis and applications. Our study demonstrates the relatively benign effect of reduced‐impact logging (RIL) on birds, bats and large mammals in a neotropical forest context, and therefore, we propose that forest managers should improve timber extraction techniques more widely. If RIL is extensively adopted, forestry concessions could represent sizeable and important additions to the global conservation estate – over 4 million km2. Our study demonstrates the relatively benign effect of reduced‐impact logging (RIL) on birds, bats and large mammals in a neotropical forest context, and therefore, we propose that forest managers should improve timber extraction techniques more widely. If RIL is extensively adopted, forestry concessions could represent sizeable and important additions to the global conservation estate – over 4 million km2.
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影响因子：
5.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
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作者：
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