Evolution of Genome Architecture in Archaea: Spontaneous Generation of a New Chromosome in Haloferax volcanii.

Evolution of Genome Architecture in Archaea: Spontaneous Generation of a New Chromosome in Haloferax volcanii.
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DOI:
10.1093/molbev/msy075
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发表时间:
2018-08-01
影响因子:
10.7
通讯作者:
Allers T
Allers T
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ausiannikava D;Mitchell L;Marriott H;Smith V;Hawkins M;Makarova KS;Koonin EV;Nieduszynski CA;Allers T

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古生菌和真核生物的共同祖先在它们的基因组结构中是显而易见的。所有真核生物和几种古细菌的基因组都由多个染色体组成,每个染色体都从多个来源复制。对于这种基因组结构的进化已经提出了三种方案:1)多拷贝染色体的突变多样化; 2)通过水平转移捕获新染色体; 3)获得新的起源并分裂成两个具有复制能力的染色体。我们报告的第三种情况的一个例子:多起源染色体的古菌Haloferax volcano ii已分裂成两个元素通过同源重组。新产生的元件是真正的染色体,因为每一个都带有“染色体”复制起点、rRNA基因座和必需基因。新的染色体在常规生长过程中是稳定的,但额外的遗传操作,涉及选择瓶颈,引起进一步的重排。据我们所知,自然进化的原核基因组重排产生两个新染色体以前没有描述过。
The common ancestry of archaea and eukaryotes is evident in their genome architecture. All eukaryotic and several archaeal genomes consist of multiple chromosomes, each replicated from multiple origins. Three scenarios have been proposed for the evolution of this genome architecture: 1) mutational diversification of a multi-copy chromosome; 2) capture of a new chromosome by horizontal transfer; 3) acquisition of new origins and splitting into two replication-competent chromosomes. We report an example of the third scenario: the multi-origin chromosome of the archaeon Haloferax volcanii has split into two elements via homologous recombination. The newly generated elements are bona fide chromosomes, because each bears “chromosomal” replication origins, rRNA loci, and essential genes. The new chromosomes were stable during routine growth but additional genetic manipulation, which involves selective bottlenecks, provoked further rearrangements. To the best of our knowledge, rearrangement of a naturally evolved prokaryotic genome to generate two new chromosomes has not been described previously.
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