Restructuring the built environment to change adult health behaviors: a scoping review integrated with behavior change frameworks

Restructuring the built environment to change adult health behaviors: a scoping review integrated with behavior change frameworks
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重构建筑环境以改变成人健康行为:与行为改变框架相结合的范围界定审查

DOI:
10.1080/23748834.2019.1574954
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Cities & Health
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Wilkie S
Wilkie S
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--
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--
作者:
Wilkie S

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建筑环境改造可以通过增加健康行为的机会来改善公众健康。行为科学以个人健康行为为目标,暗示了整合这些方法的潜力。这项范围审查是第一批总结建筑环境重组对健康结果和行为的影响,并将这些发现与能力-机会-动机-行为模型和行为改变理论领域框架相结合的审查之一。从城市设计、心理学和公共卫生的12个学术数据库中确定了潜在的研究。搜索参数涉及50种环境类型,例如绿色空间或健康城市,并结合干预措施(例如绿色基础设施、积极的交通)和可衡量的健康结果(例如锻炼、福祉)。搜索仅限于北美、欧洲或澳大利亚/新西兰。在根据确定的纳入/排除标准审查的536项潜在研究中,有23项参与了研究结果。有证据支持重组对各种健康结果的积极影响,其中许多是健康行为的驱动因素和领域。大多数研究表明,这对增加体力活动有明显的贡献。建议包括需要明确交流指导重组项目设计的理论,考虑体力活动以外的健康后果,以及更好地调查建筑环境重组项目产生的意外健康行为障碍。
Built environment restructuring can improve public health through increased opportunity for healthy behaviors. Behavioral science targets individual health behaviors within place, suggesting the potential to integrate these approaches. This scoping review was one of the first to summarise the impact built environment restructuring has on health outcomes and behaviorsandintegrate these findings with the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behavior model and Theoretical Domains Framework of behavior change. Potential studies were identified from 12 academic databases in urban design, psychology and public health. Search parameters involved 50 environment types, for example green space or healthy cities, combined with both an intervention (e.g. green infrastructure, active transport) and a measurable health outcome (e.g. exercise, wellbeing). Searches were limited to North America, Europe, or Australia/New Zealand. Of 536 potential studies reviewed against defined inclusion/exclusion criteria, 23 contributed to the findings. Evidence supported the positive influence of restructuring on varied health outcomes, many of which were drivers and domains of health behavior. Most studies indicated a clear contribution to increased physical activity. Recommendations include the need for explicit communication of theories guiding restructuring project design, consideration of health outcomes beyond physical activity, and better investigation of unanticipated barriers to health behaviors arising from built environment restructuring projects.
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