Exploring the role of copy number variants in human adaptation.

Exploring the role of copy number variants in human adaptation.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.tig.2012.03.002
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发表时间:
2012-06
期刊:
影响因子:
11.4
通讯作者:
Lee, Charles
Lee, Charles
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Iskow, Rebecca C.;Gokcumen, Omer;Lee, Charles

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在过去的十年中,拷贝数变异(CNV,基因组物质的获得或丢失)在健康人类基因组中的普遍存在已经变得显而易见。虽然这些变异中的一些与疾病有关,但少数研究记录了CNVs赋予的适应性优势。在这篇综述中,我们提出CNVs是人类进化和适应的底物。我们讨论了CNVs被选择的可能机制和进化过程,概述了目前在识别这些基因座方面面临的挑战,并强调拷贝数可变区允许创建新的基因,这些基因可以使这些基因的库多样化,以应对快速变化的环境。我们预计在未来几年内将发现更多的适应性CNV,我们相信这些新发现将有助于我们对人类特异性表型的理解。
Over the past decade, the ubiquity of copy number variants (CNVs, the gain or loss of genomic material) in the genomes of healthy humans has become apparent. Although some of these variants are associated with disorders, a handful of studies documented an adaptive advantage conferred by CNVs. In this review, we propose that CNVs are substrates for human evolution and adaptation. We discuss the possible mechanisms and evolutionary processes in which CNVs are selected, outline the current challenges in identifying these loci, and highlight that copy number variable regions allow for the creation of novel genes that may diversify the repertoire of such genes in response to rapidly changing environments. We expect that many more adaptive CNVs will be discovered in the coming years, and we believe that these new findings will contribute to our understanding of human-specific phenotypes.
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