Criteria for evaluating tobacco control research funding programs and their application to models that include financial support from the tobacco industry.
Criteria for evaluating tobacco control research funding programs and their application to models that include financial support from the tobacco industry.
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DOI：
10.1136/tc.2008.027623
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发表时间：
2009-06
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Leischow S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cohen JE;Zeller M;Eissenberg T;Parascandola M;O'Keefe R;Planinac L;Leischow S
关于烟草业资助研究的目的、结果和道德，已经讨论和撰写了很多文章。1-9这个问题是有争议的，因为烟草业利用烟草业供资机制来获得信誉和促进烟草业的利益，而这可能是以牺牲公共健康为代价的; 6与此同时，其他人则认为，鉴于其他来源的资金稀缺，至少在某些情况下，对烟草业的支持可能是有道理的。10.这些关切提出了一个问题，即是否有一种烟草公司供资的模式可以为烟草控制研究界所接受。本文提出了一套标准，用于评估资助模式，并将其应用到四个不同的模式。虽然过去40年来许多发达国家的烟草消费和流行率有所下降，但预测21世纪全世界与烟草有关的死亡人数将增加。11.尽管烟草使用造成了不成比例的损失，但在研究方面的投资仍然很少，以更好地了解烟草产品、烟草产品营销、成瘾、治疗和消费者行为。例如，在美国，几乎30%的癌症死亡是由烟草引起的，但国家癌症研究所2003年的预算中只有2.3%用于与烟草有关的研究经费。12.相对于烟草使用造成的损害的程度，这种研究投资水平是不够的。13 14与此同时，烟草业资助大学开展烟草与健康相关的研究。在目前资金有限的情况下，个人和机构可能欢迎更多的支助来源。然而，现在的证据清楚地表明，烟草业参与了一个长期的阴谋，在吸烟的健康风险方面欺骗公众。2006年，格拉迪斯·凯斯勒（Gladys Kessler）在美国诉菲利普·莫里斯（Philip Morris）一案中得出结论，被告“压制、隐瞒和终止科学研究;他们销毁了包括科学报告和研究在内的文件;他们反复地、故意地不恰当地主张律师-当事人和工作成果对成千上万份文件的特权（不只是页面），以阻止披露给原告在吸烟和健康相关的诉讼和联邦监管机构，并屏蔽这些文件从严酷的阳光下的一天“。第15章法院
Much has been discussed and written about the purposes, outcomes and ethics related to tobacco industry funding of research. 1–9 The issue is controversial because of tobacco industry funding mechanisms that have been used by the tobacco industry to gain credibility and to advance the industry’s interests, which may come at the expense of public health; 6 at the same time others have argued that, given the scarcity of funding from other sources, tobacco industry support may be defensible, at least under some circumstances. 10 These concerns raise the question of whether there could be a model of tobacco company funding that would be acceptable to the tobacco control research community. This paper presents a set of criteria for evaluating funding models and applies them to four diverse models. While tobacco consumption and prevalence rates have declined in many developed countries over the past 40 years, the projections are that worldwide tobacco-related deaths will increase in the 21st century. 11 Despite the disproportionate toll tobacco use takes, there remains only a modest investment in research to better understand tobacco products, tobacco product marketing, addiction, treatment and consumer behaviour. For example, in the USA, where tobacco causes almost 30% of all cancer deaths, only 2.3% of the National Cancer Institute’s 2003 budget was spent on tobacco-related research funding. 12 This level of research investment is inadequate relative to the magnitude of the damage caused by tobacco use. 13 14At the same time, the tobacco industry has funded tobacco and health related research at universities. In the current context of limited funding, individuals and institutions may welcome additional sources of support. However the evidence is now clear that the tobacco industry participated in a long-standing conspiracy to defraud the public regarding the health risks of smoking. In 2006, the Honourable Gladys Kessler concluded in United States vs Philip Morris that the defendants ‘‘suppressed, concealed, and terminated scientific research; they destroyed documents including scientific reports and studies; and they repeatedly and intentionally improperly asserted the attorney–client and work product privileges over many thousands of documents (not just pages) to thwart disclosure to plaintiffs in smoking and health related litigation and to federal regulatory agencies, and to shield those documents from the harsh light of day’’. 15 Importantly, the Court
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影响因子：
120.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
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12.7
作者：
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5.2
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158.5
作者：
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作者：
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