Echoes of the spoken past: how auditory cortex hears context during speech perception.
Echoes of the spoken past: how auditory cortex hears context during speech perception.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2013.0297
复制
发表时间：
2014-09-19
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Skipper JI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Skipper JI
当有人说话时，我们听到的是什么？听觉皮质(AC)对这些声音做了什么？鉴于语音的意义，可以假设，当其他人说话时，交流是最活跃的，这样他们的作品就会被解码。在这里，神经成像元分析显示了相反的情况：与不那么有意义的声音相比，当参与者听到有意义的演讲时，AC最不活跃，有时会被停用。结果通过一种主动的假设和检验机制来解释，其中语音产生(SP)区域被神经重新用于预测与可用语境相关联的听觉对象。通过这个模型，对于意义较小的声音，会出现更多的AC活动，因为根据上下文进行预测的成功率较低，这需要进一步的假设测试。这也解释了为什么对意义较小的声音的AC协同活动与SP的元分析有很大的重叠。一项实验显示，在非语言语境中也有类似的结果。具体地说，与那些没有手势的单词相比，在视觉描述这些单词的联合语音手势之前，这些单词在AC和SP区域产生的活动较少。这些结果共同表明，我们在真实世界的言语感知中所听到的可能更多地来自大脑，而不是我们的耳朵，AC的功能是确认或否认关于声音同一性的内部预测。
What do we hear when someone speaks and what does auditory cortex (AC) do with that sound? Given how meaningful speech is, it might be hypothesized that AC is most active when other people talk so that their productions get decoded. Here, neuroimaging meta-analyses show the opposite: AC is least active and sometimes deactivated when participants listened to meaningful speech compared to less meaningful sounds. Results are explained by an active hypothesis-and-test mechanism where speech production (SP) regions are neurally re-used to predict auditory objects associated with available context. By this model, more AC activity for less meaningful sounds occurs because predictions are less successful from context, requiring further hypotheses be tested. This also explains the large overlap of AC co-activity for less meaningful sounds with meta-analyses of SP. An experiment showed a similar pattern of results for non-verbal context. Specifically, words produced less activity in AC and SP regions when preceded by co-speech gestures that visually described those words compared to those words without gestures. Results collectively suggest that what we ‘hear’ during real-world speech perception may come more from the brain than our ears and that the function of AC is to confirm or deny internal predictions about the identity of sounds.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Bubic A;von Cramon DY;Schubotz RI
通讯作者：
Schubotz RI
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Christoffels IK;van de Ven V;Waldorp LJ;Formisano E;Schiller NO
通讯作者：
Schiller NO
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Azulay, Haim;Striem, Ella;Amedi, Amir
通讯作者：
Amedi, Amir
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Chandrasekaran C;Trubanova A;Stillittano S;Caplier A;Ghazanfar AA
通讯作者：
Ghazanfar AA
影响因子：
25
作者：
Arnal, Luc H.;Wyart, Valentin;Giraud, Anne-Lise
通讯作者：
Giraud, Anne-Lise