Phagocytic Roles of Glial Cells in Healthy and Diseased Brains.

Phagocytic Roles of Glial Cells in Healthy and Diseased Brains.
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DOI:
10.4062/biomolther.2017.133
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发表时间:
2018-07-01
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Chung WS
Chung WS
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jung YJ;Chung WS

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神经胶质细胞被认为是脑功能和疾病许多方面的重要调节因子,因此受到了广泛的关注。最近的证据表明,在正常和病理条件下,星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞两种不同的胶质细胞通过吞噬作用控制突触的消除。星形胶质细胞使用MEGF10和MERTK吞噬途径,而小胶质细胞使用经典补体途径来识别和消除不需要的突触。值得注意的是,胶质吞噬作用也有助于清除疾病特异性蛋白聚集体,如β-淀粉样蛋白、亨廷顿蛋白和α-突触核蛋白。在这里,我们回顾了最近的研究结果,表明神经胶质细胞通过吞噬作用在脑功能中起积极的调节作用,并且神经胶质吞噬作用的变化有助于各种神经退行性疾病的发病机制。更好地了解健康和患病大脑中胶质吞噬的细胞和分子机制将大大改善我们目前治疗这些疾病的方法。
Glial cells are receiving much attention since they have been recognized as important regulators of many aspects of brain function and disease. Recent evidence has revealed that two different glial cells, astrocytes and microglia, control synapse elimination under normal and pathological conditions via phagocytosis. Astrocytes use the MEGF10 and MERTK phagocytic pathways, and microglia use the classical complement pathway to recognize and eliminate unwanted synapses. Notably, glial phagocytosis also contributes to the clearance of disease-specific protein aggregates, such as β-amyloid, huntingtin, and α-synuclein. Here we reivew recent findings showing that glial cells are active regulators in brain functions through phagocytosis and that changes in glial phagocytosis contribute to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of glial phagocytosis in healthy and diseased brains will greatly improve our current approach in treating these diseases.
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