High-Risk Contexts for Violence Against Women: Using Latent Class Analysis to Understand Structural and Contextual Drivers of Intimate Partner Violence at the National Level.
High-Risk Contexts for Violence Against Women: Using Latent Class Analysis to Understand Structural and Contextual Drivers of Intimate Partner Violence at the National Level.
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DOI：
10.1177/08862605221086642
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发表时间：
2023-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Mannell, Jenevieve
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown, Laura J.;Lowe, Hattie;Gibbs, Andrew;Smith, Colette;Mannell, Jenevieve
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导言：亲密伴侣暴力(IPV)影响到三分之一的妇女，对人权和公共卫生造成重大威胁，但全球的风险差异很大。虽然个别风险因素得到了很好的研究，但较少的研究集中在IPV的结构和背景驱动因素以及这些因素如何同时出现以创造高风险背景。方法：我们从可免费获得的全球国家一级数据来源汇编了IPV驱动因素，并在潜在类别分析中结合了性别不平等、自然灾害、冲突、殖民主义、社会经济发展和不平等、凶杀和社会歧视，并基于FIT统计和理论可信(N=5732个国家/年；190个国家)确定了潜在的“风险背景”。我们使用多项回归来比较风险背景，其依据是：残疾、艾滋病毒/艾滋病、难民身份和精神健康障碍的人口比例；患有药物使用障碍的男性比例；男性饮酒；以及人口年龄中值(N=1,654-5,725个国家年)。最后，我们比较了妇女在过去12个月中在不同风险环境(N=3,175个国家年)经历的身体和/或性感染的流行率。结果：确定了三种不同的危险背景：1)非父权平等主义，低凶杀率；2)父权后殖民，高凶杀率；3)父权后殖民冲突和受灾影响。与非父权平等主义背景相比，父权后殖民背景的年龄分布较年轻，药物使用障碍的患病率较高，但精神健康障碍的患病率较低，难民人口较少。IPV风险在两个父权制的后殖民背景下最高，并与国家收入分类有关。结论：虽然我们的发现支持性别规范在塑造女性经历IPV风险方面的重要性，但它们也指出了与殖民主义历史的联系。为了有效地解决高流行率情况下妇女的艾滋病毒/艾滋病问题，需要采取结构性干预措施和政策，不仅要解决性别规范问题，还要解决殖民主义引起的更广泛的结构性不平等问题。
Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects 1 in 3 women and poses a major human rights threat and public health burden, yet there is great variation in risk globally. Whilst individual risk factors are well-studied, less research has focussed on the structural and contextual drivers of IPV and how these co-occur to create contexts of high risk. Methods: We compiled IPV drivers from freely-accessible global country-level data sources and combined gender inequality, natural disasters, conflict, colonialism, socioeconomic development and inequality, homicide and social discrimination in a latent class analysis, and identified underlying ‘risk contexts’ based on fit statistics and theoretical plausibility (N=5,732 country-years; 190 countries). We used multinomial regression to compare risk contexts according to: proportion of population with disability, HIV/AIDS, refugee status, and mental health disorders; proportion of men with drug use disorders; men’s alcohol consumption; and population median age (N=1,654-5,725 country-years). Finally, we compared prevalence of physical and/or sexual IPV experienced by women in the past 12 months across risk contexts (N=3,175 country-years). Results: Three distinct risk contexts were identified: 1) non-patriarchal egalitarian, low rates of homicide; 2) patriarchal post-colonial, high rates of homicide; 3) patriarchal post-colonial conflict and disaster-affected. Compared to non-patriarchal egalitarian contexts, patriarchal post-colonial contexts had a younger age distribution and a higher prevalence of drug use disorders, but a lower prevalence of mental health disorders and a smaller refugee population. IPV risk was highest in the two patriarchal post-colonial contexts and associated with country income classification. Conclusions: Whilst our findings support the importance of gender norms in shaping women’s risk of experiencing IPV, they also point towards an association with a history of colonialism. To effectively address IPV for women in high prevalence contexts, structural interventions and policies are needed that address not only gender norms, but also broader structural inequalities arising from colonialism.
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影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Ager A;Bancroft C;Berger E;Stark L
通讯作者：
Stark L
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Abramsky T;Watts CH;Garcia-Moreno C;Devries K;Kiss L;Ellsberg M;Jansen HA;Heise L
通讯作者：
Heise L
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Gibbs, Andrew;Abdelatif, Nada;Jewkes, Rachel
通讯作者：
Jewkes, Rachel
妇女和儿童在冲突环境中经历家庭暴力的妇女和儿童的心理健康：一种混合的方法系统审查。
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Devakumar D;Palfreyman A;Uthayakumar-Cumarasamy A;Ullah N;Ranasinghe C;Minckas N;Nadkarni A;Oram S;Osrin D;Mannell J
通讯作者：
Mannell J
DOI：
10.1177/1524838013515758
发表时间：
2015-01
期刊：
Trauma, violence & abuse
影响因子：
--
作者：
Beyer K;Wallis AB;Hamberger LK
通讯作者：
Hamberger LK