Expertise affects representation structure and categorical activation of grasp postures in climbing.
Expertise affects representation structure and categorical activation of grasp postures in climbing.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01008
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Schack T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bläsing BE;Güldenpenning I;Koester D;Schack T
在室内攀岩中，对物体属性的感知和抓握动作的充分执行在很大程度上决定了攀岩者的表现。在两个连续的实验中，研究了攀爬专业知识对攀爬握点呈现后抓取动作认知激活的影响。实验1借助心理测量方法评估了攀岩者和非攀岩者的长期记忆中攀岩点的表征。在分层分裂程序中，受试者必须决定所需抓取姿势的相似性。对于登山者群体来说，表征结构明显对应于四种握力类型。在非攀岩者群体中，表征结构比攀岩者群体差异更大，并且没有明确提及握力类型。为了了解实验 2 中的分类知识激活，应用了启动范式。抓握姿势的手的图像被呈现为目标，一致、中立或不一致的攀爬握点的图像被用作素数。仅在登山者中，一致条件下的反应时间比不一致条件下的反应时间更短，错误率也更小。中性条件导致中等性能。研究结果表明，对攀爬握点的感知会激活攀岩者通常相关的抓握姿势，但不会激活非攀岩者。这项研究的结果证明，视觉感知物体的分类从根本上受到交互认知运动潜力的影响，这取决于观察者的经验和专业知识。因此，运动专业知识不仅有利于精确的动作感知，而且有利于对动作相关物体的感知。
In indoor rock climbing, the perception of object properties and the adequate execution of grasping actions highly determine climbers' performance. In two consecutive experiments, effects of climbing expertise on the cognitive activation of grasping actions following the presentation of climbing holds was investigated. Experiment 1 evaluated the representation of climbing holds in the long-term memory of climbers and non-climbers with the help of a psychometric measurement method. Within a hierarchical splitting procedure subjects had to decide about the similarity of required grasping postures. For the group of climbers, representation structures corresponded clearly to four grip types. In the group of non-climbers, representation structures differed more strongly than in climbers and did not clearly refer to grip types. To learn about categorical knowledge activation in Experiment 2, a priming paradigm was applied. Images of hands in grasping postures were presented as targets and images of congruent, neutral, or incongruent climbing holds were used as primes. Only in climbers, reaction times were shorter and error rates were smaller for the congruent condition than for the incongruent condition. The neutral condition resulted in intermediate performance. The findings suggest that perception of climbing holds activates the commonly associated grasping postures in climbers but not in non-climbers. The findings of this study give evidence that the categorization of visually perceived objects is fundamentally influenced by the cognitive-motor potential for interaction, which depends on the observer's experience and expertise. Thus, motor expertise not only facilitates precise action perception, but also benefits the perception of action-relevant objects.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0023509
发表时间：
2011-10-01
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Masson, Michael E. J.;Bub, Daniel N.;Breuer, Andreas T.
通讯作者：
Breuer, Andreas T.
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Frank, Cornelia;Land, William M.;Schack, Thomas
通讯作者：
Schack, Thomas
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
RAND, WM
通讯作者：
RAND, WM
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Dehaene, S;Naccache, L;Le Bihan, D
通讯作者：
Le Bihan, D
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Kiefer, Markus;Sim, Eun-Jin;Tanaka, James
通讯作者：
Tanaka, James