Invasion of dwarf bamboo into alpine snow-meadows in northern Japan: pattern of expansion and impact on species diversity.
Invasion of dwarf bamboo into alpine snow-meadows in northern Japan: pattern of expansion and impact on species diversity.
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.9
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发表时间：
2011-09
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Kaneko, Masami
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kudo, Gaku;Amagai, Yukihiro;Hoshino, Buho;Kaneko, Masami
摘要日本北方大雪山地区的高山雪草甸，近来发生了一种矮生竹种--栗竹（Sasa kurilensis）的入侵。这种矮生竹的分布范围很广，从低地到高山多雪地区。由于形成了密集的万年青秆和广泛的根茎系统，其他植物被这种矮秆竹入侵后被排除在外，导致物种多样性低。矮生竹原栖息于高山地区的高山矮松（Pinuspumila）丛的背风坡。然而，在过去的32年中，矮竹已扩大其分布面积高达47%，向雪草甸，特别是在东南面的斜坡。这种快速变化可能与近期融雪时间加快导致土壤水分减少和年生长期延长有关。多年调查结果表明，竹秆密度在2年内增加了30-150%，竹鞭平均每年膨大39 cm。除了通过营养生长扩大竹丛外，通过遗传分析还提出了通过种子传播迁移的可能性。随着秆密度的增加，由于矮竹的强烈遮蔽，雪草甸植被的物种丰富度下降到原始水平的四分之一以下。在这些与人类活动隔绝的几乎原始的高山环境中，植被的快速变化意味着全球气候变化已经影响到高山生态系统。
Recently, a dwarf bamboo species,Sasa kurilensis; Poaceae, has invaded into alpine snow-meadows in the wilderness area of the Taisetsu Mountains, northern Japan. This dwarf bamboo species has a wide distribution range from lowland to alpine sites of snowy regions. Because of the formation of dense evergreen culms and an extensive rhizome system, other plants are excluded following invasion by this dwarf bamboo, resulting in low species diversity. Dwarf bamboo originally inhabited the leeward slopes of alpine dwarf pine (Pinus pumila) clumps in alpine regions. During the last 32 years, however, dwarf bamboo has expanded its distribution area by up to 47% toward snow-meadows, especially on southeastern facing slopes. This rapid change may be related to the decrease in soil moisture and expansion of the annual growing period caused by the recent acceleration of snowmelt time. A multiyear census revealed that the density of bamboo culms increased 30–150% during 2 years, and the annual expansion of bamboo rhizomes was 39 cm on average. In addition to the expansion of bamboo clumps by vegetative growth, the possibility of migration by seed dispersal was also suggested by a genet analysis. With the increase in culm density, the species richness of snow-meadow vegetation decreased to less than one-quarter of the original level due to intense shading by dwarf bamboo. The rapid vegetation change in these almost pristine alpine environments isolated from the human activity implies that global climate change already influences the alpine ecosystem.
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影响因子：
2.8
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通讯作者：
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