Subsurface drainage reduces the amount and interannual variability of optimum nitrogen fertilizer input to maize cropping systems in southeast Iowa, USA
Subsurface drainage reduces the amount and interannual variability of optimum nitrogen fertilizer input to maize cropping systems in southeast Iowa, USA
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地下排水减少了美国爱荷华州东南部玉米种植系统的最佳氮肥输入量和年际变化
DOI：
10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108663
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Castellano, Michael J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maas, Ellen D.v.L.;Archontoulis, Sotirios V.;Helmers, Matthew J.;Iqbal, Javed;Pederson, Carl H.;Poffenbarger, Hanna J.;TeBockhorst, Kristina J.;Castellano, Michael J.
在排水不良的土壤上，地下排水被广泛用于改善农田的通过能力和作物的生长。尽管排水导致或加剧了一些环境挑战，但排水农田是世界上生产力最高的农田之一，可能有机会更好地管理排水，以实现积极的环境结果，包括提高氮素利用效率。本研究的目的是确定排水对作物系统氮素利用的影响。我们假设，排水降低了农艺最佳氮肥施用量(AONR)，同时增加了粮食产量，从而提高了农艺效率(AONR下的千克籽粒kg-1N；AE)，减少了氮素盈余(即N投入减去产出)。利用美国爱荷华州东南部的一个地点，在8个氮素水平(0-392 kg N ha-1)的玉米和玉米-大豆轮作中包括4个排水处理，从2016年到2020年测量了玉米的籽粒产量。4种排水系统包括常规排水系统(1.2 m深度x 18 m间距)、浅层排水系统(0.76 m x 12.2 m)、控制排水系统(1.2 m x 18 m，带地下水位控制结构)和无排水控制系统。此外，2016-2018年还测量了玉米在无排水系统和常规深度系统中的氮素吸收。不排水处理的产量最高(13.3 ± 1.8mgha~(-1))，也最高(243 ± 155 kg N ha~(-1))和最低AE(73 ± 37 kg kg~(-1 N))；而且，在所有指标中，不排水是年变化最大的系统(平均变异系数为44% ±20%)。相比之下，控制排水在AONR处的平均AE最高(85 ± 28 kg/kg谷物kg-1N)，而几乎所有指标的年变异性最小(平均CV 25% ± 14%)。常规排水处理的玉米籽粒氮素浓度始终高于不排水处理，尤其是在玉米连续轮作条件下(6.9ANOR2.8%)，在5年的4个年中，AONR值低于不排水处理的玉米籽粒氮素浓度( ± )。在经济最佳产量下的每一轮作中，不排水的氮素盈余高于常规(连续玉米和玉米-大豆轮作的玉米阶段分别高出45和19 kg N ha-1和137%和72%)。这项研究表明，排水减少了氮肥需求量和年际变化，同时也减少了产量的年际变化。更好地认识、理解和管理这些影响可以使生产力和环境受益。
Subsurface drainage is widely used to improve field trafficability and crop growth on poorly drained soils. Although drainage causes or exacerbates some environmental challenges, drained croplands are among the most productive in the world and there may be opportunities to better manage drainage for positive environmental outcomes including improved nitrogen use efficiency. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of drainage on cropping system N use. We hypothesized that drainage reduces the agronomic optimum N fertilizer rate (AONR) while increasing grain yield thereby increasing agronomic efficiency (kg grain kg-1N at the AONR; AE) and reducing N surplus (i.e., N inputs minus outputs). Using a site in southeast Iowa, USA that included four drainage treatments in both continuous maize and maize-soybean crop rotations with eight N rates (0–392 kg N ha-1), maize grain yield was measured from 2016 to 2020. The four drainage systems included conventional (1.2 m depth x 18 m spacing), shallow (0.76 m x 12.2 m), controlled (1.2 m x 18 m, with a water table control structure), and a no drainage control. In addition, maize N uptake in the no drain and conventional depth systems was measured from 2016 to 2018. No drainage produced the highest grain yields at the AONR (13.3 ± 1.8 Mg ha-1), but also the highest AONR (243 ± 155 kg N ha-1) and lowest AE at the AONR (73 ± 37 kg grain kg-1N); moreover, no drainage was the most variable system from year-to-year over all metrics (mean CV 44% ± 20%). In contrast, controlled drainage had the greatest average AE at the AONR (85 ± 28 kg grain kg-1N) and the least variability over nearly all metrics from year-to-year (mean CV 25% ± 14%). Conventional drainage had consistently higher maize grain N concentrations than no drainage across N rates, particularly in the continuous maize rotation (6.9 ± 2.8%) and a lower AONR in four of five years compared to no drainage. Within each rotation at the economic optimum rate, no drainage had higher N surplus than conventional (45 and 19 kg N ha-1and 137% and 72% higher for the continuous maize and the maize phase of maize-soybean rotations, respectively). This study demonstrates that drainage reduces the amount and interannual variability of N fertilizer requirements while also reducing interannual variability in yields. Better recognition, understanding, and management of these effects can benefit both productivity and the environment.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. Valipour;Jens Krasilnikof;S. Yannopoulos;Rohitash Kumar;J. Deng;P. Roccaro;L. Mays;M. Grismer;A. Angelakis
通讯作者：
A. Angelakis
排水系统设计和运行对硝酸盐迁移的影响
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
R. Skaggs;J. Gilliam
通讯作者：
J. Gilliam
预测玉米产量对种植日期延迟的反应
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
R. Seymour;R. Skaggs;R. Evans
通讯作者：
R. Evans
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Nichols, Virginia A.;Ordonez, Raziel A.;Archontoulis, Sotirios, V
通讯作者：
Archontoulis, Sotirios, V
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
W. Osterholz;Oshri Rinot;A. Shaviv;R. Linker;M. Liebman;G. Sanford;J. Strock;M. Castellano
通讯作者：
W. Osterholz;Oshri Rinot;A. Shaviv;R. Linker;M. Liebman;G. Sanford;J. Strock;M. Castellano